摘要
目的研究三峡库区腹地万州段农村自来水厂卫生管理现状及饮水危害因素。方法选择三峡库区腹地万州段93家农村自来水厂作为研究对象,于2017年对其水厂基本情况与卫生管理现状进行调查,对其出厂水开展卫生监测。结果 93家水厂中,日供水能力<500 m^3/d的占82.80%,不具备处理工艺的占10.75%,偶尔消毒的占20.43%,未开展水质检测的占69.89%;无卫生许可证的占56.99%,其出厂水消毒指标合格率为71.70%,而持卫生许可证的消毒指标合格率为97.50%,两者差异有统计学意义(χ^ 2=10.654,P<0.01)。结论持卫生许可证的水厂卫生管理良好,部分水厂存在偶尔消毒且不具备水处理现象,大部分水厂无水质检测能力,水质监测合格率较低,危害因素有三氯甲烷、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群、铝和锰,尤以总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群和铝超标突出,同时部分水质浑浊和消毒剂不合格。建议水厂应强化业务培训,提高卫生管理水平,消除饮水危害因素,防止介水疾病发生。
OBJECTIVE To study the current situation and risk factors of health management of rural waterworks in the Three Gorges reservoir area. METHODS A total of 93 rural waterworks in the Wanzhou Section of the Three Gorges reservoir area were selected. The basic situation,the status of health management of the waterworks and the sanitary monitoring of the factory water were investigated in 2017. RESULTS Among the 93 waterworks,the daily water supply capacity <500 m^3/d accounted for 82.80%,without the capacity of treated process accounted for 10.75%, the disinfected seldomly accounted for 20.43%, 69.89% did not carry out water quality monitoring;56.99% without sanitation permission,and the water quality monitoring pass rate was 71.70%,and the pass rate of water quality monitoring with sanitation permission was 97.50%. The difference was statistically significant(χ^2=10.654,P<0.01). CONCLUSION The water factory with sanitation permission has better health management. Few waterworks have occasional disinfection and no water treatment.Most waterworks have no water quality monitoring capability and the qualified rate of water samples is relatively low. The hazard factors are chloroform,total coliform,heat-resistant coliform,aluminum,manganese,especially total coliform,heat-resistant coliform,aluminum protrusion,and some water quality turbidity and disinfectant unqualified. It is suggested that waterworks should strengthen business training,improve health management,eliminate drinking water hazards and prevent water-borne diseases.
作者
罗华
甘永侃
王丹
陈建中
贺良
向辉
张先蓉
陈明博
杨平
LUO Hua;GAN Yong-kan;WANG Dan(Wanzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chongqing,404000,China)
出处
《中国初级卫生保健》
2019年第8期71-73,共3页
Chinese Primary Health Care
关键词
农村水厂
卫生管理
卫生许可
饮用水质
rural waterworks
health management
sanitation permission
drinking water quality
