摘要
稀土是重要的战略资源,在现代高科技行业和农业生产中发挥着重要的作用。随着稀土需求量的与日俱增,稀土矿山开发加剧,产生了大面积的稀土废弃尾砂地进而污染农田,对当地生态环境和居民健康构成威胁。植物采矿是指在金属污染地上种植超富集植物,在恢复植被和修复污染土壤的同时,还可通过收割地上部实现金属回收利用,是一种原位和低成本的污染土壤修复手段。探究超富集植物重金属富集机理是实现植物采矿的基础,但相对于Ni、Zn、As等超富集植物的研究,稀土超富集植物吸收转运和耐受稀土机制的研究仍然缺乏。本文结合近年国内外研究,从植物富集稀土的四个关键过程综述超富集植物对稀土的吸收、转运和分布解毒机制以及与稀土分异之间的关系,并提出超富集植物中稀土分异的概念模型。
Rare earth elements(REEs),which are important strategic resources in the world,play an important role in modern high-tech industries and agricultural production.With the demand for REEs increasing steadily day by day,exploitation of rare earth mines is intensifying nowadays.The mining of REEs also produces large volumes of tailings that occupy large tracts of land and pollute farmlands,thus posing potential threat to the local environment and health of the local residents.Phytomining refers to the practice of growing metal-hyperaccumulating plants in metal-polluted land and harvesting the aboveground biomass of the plants to recover metals,while restoring vegetation and remedying polluted soil.So it is an in-situ,low-cost and potentially profitable means of soil remediation.The study on mechanism of metal accumulation and translocation in hyperaccumulators is the fundament for realizing phytomining.However,the studies on hyperaccumulators of nickel,zinc,and arsenic aside,little has been reported on mechanisms of REEs hyperaccumulation.In this study,a review is presented of advancement in the researches both at home and abroad on mechanisms of the four key processes of REEs accumulation,translocation,distribution and detoxification and their relationships with REE fractionation in the soil-plant system,and a conceptual model brought forth of REEs fractionation in hyperaccumulators.Roots of the plants absorb mainly REEs of free ion form,whereas types and concentrations of organic ligands,pH,organic matter and ion diffusion in rhizosphere soil solution would reduce or increase bioavailability of the REEs in soil solution through complexation,adsorption,desorption and precipitation,which in turn affects REEs accumulation and fractionation of the hyperaccumulators.REEs absorption by roots involves both apoplast and symplast pathways,of which the latter include transmembrane transport systems such as Ca ion channel diffusion and Al transport protein.Because of the variation of absorption pathways,Dicranopteris dicthoto
作者
陈莺燕
刘文深
袁鸣
郭美娜
刘畅
HUOT Hermine
汤叶涛
仇荣亮
CHEN Yingyan;LIU Wenshen;YUAN Ming;GUO Meina;LIU Chang;HUOT Hermine;TANG Yetao;QIU Rongliang(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology(Sun Yat-sen University),Guangzhou 510275,China;Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)
出处
《土壤学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第4期785-795,共11页
Acta Pedologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目（41771343）
广东省科技计划项目（2016A020221013,2014A050503032）共同资助~~
关键词
稀土元素
吸收
转运
分异
超富集植物
植物采矿
Rare earth elements(REEs)
Absorption
Transport
Fractionation
Hyperaccumulator
Phytomining
