摘要
【目的】摸清云南省主要油菜产区施肥情况以及施肥过程中存在的问题,为进一步规范油菜生产中肥料的投入提供理论依据。【方法】本研究采用农户和农技人员随机抽样调查的方式,进行了2016/2017和2017/2018两个年度的实地走访调查,分析了云南省主要油菜产区当前的肥料投入状况、油菜生产水平及效益等。【结果】施用化肥的农户比例为100%,施用有机肥的农户比例为19.7%;全省油菜生产中氮(全N)、磷(P_2O_5)、钾(K_2O)养分总投入量分别为181.7、81.5、61.0 kg/hm^2,N∶P_2O_5∶K_2O=1∶0.45∶0.34;油菜施肥次数为1~4次,施肥4次的比例占38.1%,追肥2次的农户占61.6%,基氮比例适宜的农户占62.5%。全省油菜平均单产3030 kg/hm^2,纯收益为3758元/hm^2。【结论】在云南省当前油菜生产水平下,应该采取调整化肥和有机肥的施用比例,增加有机肥的施用量,降低N养分的投入,增加P_2O_5和K_2O养分的投入,协调好氮、磷、钾养分比例,进一步加强种植技术和施肥技术培训等措施降低油菜生产成本,增加效益。
【Objective】In order to find out the fertilizer situation and the problems, sampling survey of the rapeseed fertilization by farmers and agricultural technicians in Yunnan province in 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 was conducted. 【Method】Based on the investigative datum, the yield of rapeseed, the status of fertilization, the residual nutrients after the harvest of rapeseed and the production benefit of rapeseed in Yunnan province were studied. 【Result】The results showed that the proportion of farmers applying fertilizer was 100 %, and only 19.7 % of those who applied organic manure. The total input of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients was 181.7, 81.5 and 61.0 kg/hm2, respectively, and N∶P2O5∶K2O=1∶0.45∶0.34. The fertilization frequency in rapeseed was from 1 to 4, 4 times of applying fertilizer accounted for 38.1 %, and 2 times accounted for 61.6 %, and 62.5 % farmers applied basic nitrogen properly. The average yield of rapeseed was 3030 kg/hm2, and the net income was 3758 yuan/hm2 in Yunnan province.【Conclusion】Under the current level of rapeseed production in our province, the following measures should be adopted to reduce costs and increase benefits, such as adjusting the proportion of fertilizer and organic manure, increasing the amount of organic manure, decreasing the amount of N, increasing the amount of P2O5 and K2O, coordinating the nutrient ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, strengthening the planting technology and fertilization technical training, introducing special fertilizer, and so on.
作者
田正书
赵凯琴
李根泽
张云云
李庆刚
陆毅
符明联
TIAN Zheng-shu;ZHAO Kai-qin;LI Gen-ze;ZHANG Yun-yun;LI Qing-gang;LU Yi;FU Ming-Han(Industrial Crop Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Kunming 650205, China;Seed Management Station of Luoping County, Yunnan Luoping 655800, China;Economic Crop Workstation of Guangnan County, Yunnan Guangnan 663300, China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第7期1586-1593,共8页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200903-2)
国家油菜产业技术体系昆明综合试验站建设(CARS-12)
云南省现代农业油菜产业技术体系建设(2018KJTX005)
云南省农业科学院食用油料作物育种与应用研究省创新团队
关键词
油菜
云南
施肥
调查
生产
Rapeseed
Yunnan provence
Fertilization
Investigation
Production
