摘要
目的为了解2008-2017年淮北市矿业集团煤矿企业新发尘肺病发病特征和流行趋势,为淮北市尘肺病防治提供科学依据。方法根据尘肺病报告系统中尘肺病例卡数据,导出2008-2017年新发尘肺病资料,从煤矿通风科和职业病防治院检测评价中心获得现场检测粉尘数据,录入Excel整理数据,SPSS 17.0统计分析。结果2008-2017年间新发病例894例,以煤工尘肺壹期580例(64.9%)为主;死亡35例(3.9%),壹期结核19例,贰期结核1例,叁期结核2例,合并结核占新发病例构成比2.5%。总体发病呈先上升后下降趋势,2010、2012年发病出现高峰;不同煤矿工种尘肺病分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),采煤工、掘进工接尘工龄差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),其他各组间差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01);发病潜伏期煤矿混合工>掘进工>采煤工;煤矿混合工发病296例(33.1%),比重有所上升;不同接尘年代接尘工龄、发病年龄、发病潜伏期差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。随着年代推移、接尘工龄缩短,发病潜伏期提前,发病年龄趋向年轻化。死因首位为肺癌/气管癌(11例),其次是肺心病(8例)和消化道癌(4例),死于单纯尘肺病仅3例;现场调查数据显示不同采样点,总粉尘浓度和呼吸性粉尘浓度差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论2008-2017年淮北矿业集团尘肺发病率呈下降趋势,作业场所粉尘浓度得到有效控制,但粉尘污染依旧严重。
[Objective]To understand the characteristics situation and epidemic regularity of pneumoconiosis incidents in Mining Group from 2008 to 2017,and to provide evidence for prevention and control work.[Methods]Data of pneumoconiosis case card from 2008 to 2017 were retrieved from Pneumoconiosis reporting system of Mining Group.Dust data of field detection from the Coal Mine Ventilation Section and the Testing and Evaluation Center,and also used Excel to collate the data,SPSS17.0 to statistical analysis.[Results]894 cases of new cases occurred in 2008-2017,mainly 580 cases(64.9%)of coal workers pneumoconiosis in stageⅠ,35 cases(3.9%)died,19 cases of tuberculosis in stageⅠ,1 case of tuberculosis in stageⅡ,2 cases of tuberculosis in stageⅢ.The combined tuberculosis rate was 2.46%.The overall incidence showed a downward trend,with a peak in 2010 and 2012.There were significant differences in the distribution of pneumoconiosis among different types of work in coal mine(P<0.01).There was no significant difference in the working years of coal mining and tunneling(P>0.05),but significant differences among other groups(all P<0.01).The incidence latency of tunneling>mixture miners>coal mining.There were 296 cases(33.1%)of mixture miners,and the proportion had increased.The difference of dusting age,age of onset and incidence of incubation were statistically significant(all P<0.01).With the passage of the age,the dust length of service was shortened,latency was advanced,and age at diagnosis tended to be younger.The leading cause of death was lung cancer/tracheal cancer(11 cases),followed by pulmonary heart disease(8 cases)and digestive tract cancer(4 cases),and only 3 columns of simple pneumoconiosis.The field survey data showed that there were significant differences in total dust concentration and respiratory dust concentration at different sampling points(all P<0.01).[Conclusion]The pneumoconiosis mobidity in Mining Group of the Huaibei from 2008 to 2017 has been declining.The dust concentration in the workplace has
作者
孙文静
许希海
丁新平
焦广良
高伟
杨永坚
SUN Wen-jing;XU Xi-ha;DING Xin-ping;JIA O Guang-liang;GAO Wei;YANG Yong-jian(School of Public Health,Anhui Medical University,Hefei A nhui,230032,China;Huaibei Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment,Detection and Evaluation Center,Huaibei Anhui,235000,China)
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2019年第12期1609-1612,1616,共5页
Occupation and Health
关键词
新发尘肺病
流行病学
煤矿粉尘
综合防尘
Pneumoconiosis
Epidemiology
Coal mine dust
Comprehensive control
