摘要
目的研究小型猪隐动脉(SA)及其穿支的解剖学特点,为穿支皮瓣相关研究提供一种新的动物模型.方法2018年5月至2018年8月,将6头7月龄、体质量约25kg的活体小型猪麻醉后放血处死.在髂前上棘水平离断躯干,于左、右髂外动脉分别灌注乳胶-氧化铅混悬液后冷冻固定,CT扫描三维重建双后肢的动脉.显微解剖观测双侧SA及其穿支的起源、外径、走行、分布等.结果1侧后肢因灌注液渗漏较多舍弃,余11侧后肢灌注效果可.股动脉在大腿中部穿股内侧肌和缝匠肌后续为SA,膝以上走行于股内侧肌与股薄肌之间,膝以下走行于小腿内侧肌肉表面,在内踝处发出若干小分支分布于跗关节及跟骨,并与胫后动脉有丰富吻合支,有内、外侧2条伴行静脉.SA在大腿中部起始点至内踝尖长为(14.86±0.76)mm,起始处、胫骨内侧髁处和内踝尖处外径(1.73±0.15)mm、(1.50±0.12)mm和(1.30±0.13)mm.11侧后肢共发出皮穿支79条,平均(7.09±1.16)条/侧,外径0.10~0.78(0.40±0.13)mm.结论猪的SA体表投影和解剖位置较为恒定,血管口径较粗,穿支数量较多,可作为皮瓣相关研究和显微外科技术训练的可靠动物模型.
Objective To investigate the anatomy characteristics of saphenous artery(SA) and its perforator vessels in mini pig,and to provide a new perforator flap animal model.Methods Between May,2018 and August,2018,6 7-months-old mini pigs weight 25 kilograms were sacrificed by blooding under general anesthesia.The bilateral external iliac arteries were injected with a mixture of latex-lead oxide mixture and underwent CT-scanning to provide 3-dimensional reconstruction.The origin,diameter,courses and distribution of the SA and perforators of both hind limbs were observed.Results One of the hind limbs was abandoned due to the leakage of perfusion fluid.The other 11 hind limbs were available.The femoral artery passed through the medial femoral muscle and sartorius muscle in the middle of thigh,and run between the medial femoral muscle and gracilis muscle above the knee.Below the knee,it run on the surface of the medial leg muscles.A number of small branches were distributed in the tarsal joint and calcaneus at the medial malleolus,and there were abundant communicating branches with the posterior tibial artery.The average length of SA was (14.86±0.76) mm.The outer diameters of SA at initiative,medial tibial condyle and medial malleolus were(1.73±0.15) mm,(1.50±0.12) mm and (1.30±0.13) mm,respectively.There were a total of 79 perforators which were identified,with a mean of (7.09±1.16) perforators per hind limbs.And the average outer diameter was 0.10-0.78 (0.40±0.13) mm.Conclusion The SA constantly exist with good outer diameter.The number of perforator is abundant.SA can be used as a reliable animal model for studying and training of perforator flap.
作者
詹翼
李雯雯
苏乔
朱洪章
钟光明
闫立伟
戚剑
刘小林
Zhan Yi;Li Wenwen;Su Qiao;Zhu Hongzhang;Zhong Guangming;Yan Liwei;Qi Jian;Liu Xiaolin(Department of Microsurgery and Hand Surgery,The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510080,China;Department of Radiology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510080,China;Department of Radiology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510080,China;Department of Anatomy,Zhongshan School of medical,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510080,China)
出处
《中华显微外科杂志》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第3期264-267,共4页
Chinese Journal of Microsurgery
关键词
隐动脉
穿支皮瓣
小型猪
动物模型
Saphenous artery
Perforator flap
Mini pig
Animal model
