摘要
《美国-墨西哥-加拿大协定》(United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement,简称USMCA)于2018年11月底签署后,在国际社会引起强烈反响,协定一旦生效将对全世界都产生深远影响,因此协定的内容及带来的后续影响都成为了国际经济研究领域的热点问题。本文基于原产地规则的基本理论,对《美国-墨西哥-加拿大协定》和《北美自由贸易协定》的原产地规则条款进行比较,分析改变后的原产地规则对进出口货物原产地判定标准所带来的变化,并研究这种变化对中国出口可能带来的影响。研究发现,《美国-墨西哥-加拿大协定》的原产地规则较北美自由贸易协定更加详细、明确,个别规则更加宽松,部分规则却更加苛刻,中国产品若作为原材料或中间产品在中美之外的第三方国家(地区)进行生产加工而最终进入美方市场,将面临更严峻的挑战,我国需要在加大稳外贸的基础上,加快拓展海外市场,培育外贸竞争新优势,使对外贸易继续保持“稳中提质”势头。
After the signing of the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) at the end of November 2018, it has aroused strong repercussions in the international community. Once the agreement enters into force, it will have a far-reaching impact on the whole world. Therefore, the content of the agreement and its follow-up effects have become a hot issue in the field of international economic research. Based on the basic theory of rules of origin, this article compares the rules of origin in USMCA and the North American Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA), analyses the changes of the rules of origin on the criteria for determining the origin of import and export goods, and studies the possible impact of such changes on exports of Chinese products. The study finds that rules of origin in USMCA are more detailed and clear than those in NAFTA, some rules are more flexible and relaxed while some rules are more stringent. If Chinese products are processed as raw materials or intermediate products in third-party countries (regions) and eventually enter the American market, they will face more severe challenges. we should speed up the development of overseas markets, cultivate new competitive advantages in foreign trade, and maintain the momentum of "steadily improving quality" in foreign trade.
出处
《海关与经贸研究》
2019年第3期99-111,共13页
Journal of Customs and Trade
关键词
《美墨加协议》
《北美自贸协定》
原产地规则
中国产品
United States-American-Mexican Agreement
North American Free Trade Agreement
Rules of Origin
Chinese Products
