摘要
如何在确保粮食保产增产的同时,减少农田温室气体排放,是中国应对全球气候变化的当务之急。为了探究氮肥对马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)田土壤N_2O排放和产量的影响,以及更全面验证DNDC模型对于马铃薯田N_2O排放和产量预测的适用性,选择沈阳市自然降水条件下的马铃薯田为研究对象,设计不施氮(0 kg·hm^-2)、低氮(75 kg·hm^-2)、中氮(150 kg·hm^-2)和高氮(225 kg·hm^-2)4个施氮水平,采用静态箱-气相色谱法对土壤N_2O气体排放进行田间原位观测,并运用DNDC模型探究多因子对马铃薯田N_2O排放和产量的影响。结果表明,(1)DNDC模型对于马铃薯田N_2O排放和产量均具有较好的模拟效果。2017年和2018年N_2O排放模拟结果,模型效率指数EF分别在0.45-0.76和0.41-0.73之间。产量模拟结果,2017年:EF=0.91,R2=0.97,P=0.017;2018年:EF=0.85,R^2=0.95,P=0.027。(2)年降雨量、土壤有机碳含量(SOC)、土壤容重、土壤pH值对马铃薯生育期N_2O累计排放的影响较明显,且均呈现正相关关系。年降雨量、年均温度、CO2质量浓度、施氮水平对马铃薯产量的影响较明显,其中年降雨量、CO_2质量浓度、施氮水平与马铃薯产量呈正相关关系,年均温度与马铃薯产量呈负相关关系。(3)保持水分正常供给的前提下,该地区五日滑动平均温度稳定通过10℃后的5 d内播种马铃薯,即可保证马铃薯正常生长的温度条件,达到保产增产的目的。
How to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gas from farmlands while ensuring grain yield increase is the top priority for China to cope with global climate change. To explore the multifactor effect of nitrogen fertilizer on N2O emission and the yield of potato field, and verify the applicability of DNDC to N2O emission and yield prediction, we selected the potato field under the normal rainfall condition in Shenyang as the experiment site. The experiment has four nitrogen levels: no-nitrogen, low-nitrogen (75 kg·hm^-2), middle-nitrogen (150 kg·hm^-2) and high-nitrogen (225 kg·hm^-2). The static chamber/gas chromatograph technique was used to observe soil N2O emission and DNDC model was used to explore the multifactor effect on N2O emission and yield of potato field. The results are as follows:(1) DNDC has a good simulation effect on N2O emission and yield. Model efficiency indexes EFs are 0.45?0.76, 0.41?0.73 in 2017 and 2018, respectively. In 2017, the simulation of yield: EF=0.91, R2=0.97, P=0.017. In 2018, EF=0.85, R2=0.95, P=0.027.(2) Annual precipitation, soil organic carbon, soil volume-weight and pH has significant influences on accumulated N2O emission during the growth period of potato, and there are positive correlations between those factors and the emission. Annual precipitation, annual average temperature, CO2 mass concentration and nitrogen application levels has significant influences on yield. Annual average temperature is negatively correlated with yield, and the other three factors are positively correlated with yield. And (3) under the premise of normal water supply, sowing potatoes within 5 days after the 5-day sliding average temperature in this area exceeding 10 ℃ can ensure the temperature demand of normal growth of potatoes and achieve the purpose of maintaining and increasing yield.
作者
王立为
郭康军
李鸣钰
徐庆喆
田景仁
张开
郭玉敏
高西宁
WANG Liwei;GUO Kangjun;LI Mingyu;XU Qingzhe;TIAN Jingren;ZHANG Kai;GUO Yumin;GAO Xining(College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China;Henan Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Zhengzhou 450003, China;Meteorological Bureau of Anshan, Anshan Liaoning 114004, China;College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130012, China)
出处
《生态环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第6期1141-1151,共11页
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基金
辽宁省教育厅青年项目(LSNQN201720)
中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所开放课题(2018SYIAE07)
