摘要
复合材料在汽车车身上的使用是实现汽车轻量化的一个十分重要的途径,而防撞梁对于汽车及人员安全起着重要的作用。首先,建立保险杠有限元模型及低速碰撞仿真模型;其次,分析比较传统材料与碳纤维复合材料的防撞梁在偏置和正面碰撞工况下的应力、位移量、碰撞力峰值和比吸能的性能指标;最后,对碳纤维复合材料防撞梁的铺设层数和其余部件的厚度作为设计变量,通过实验设计(DOE)筛选试验点,采用移动最小二乘法创建质量和碰撞性能指标响应面模型,进而利用多目标遗传算法对该模型进行求解并选取最佳结构方案。结果表明:优化前碳纤维复合材料的比吸能比传统材料钢提高了34.8%,质量减轻了27.1%;优化后的复合材料在两种工况下碰撞力峰值较优化前均降低,保险杠的质量从原来的3.653kg减至3.145kg,降低了13.9%。
The use of composite materials on vehicle body is a very important way to achieve lightweight vehicle, and bumper anti-collision beam plays an important role in vehicle and personnel safety. First, the finite element model of the bumper and the simulation model of low speed collision were established. Secondly, the stress and displacement, the peak value of collision force and specific energy absorption performance of anti-collision beams of traditional materials and carbon fiber composite materials were analyzed and compared. Finally, the carbon fiber composite anticollision beam of layers and the rest of the thickness of the components were considered as design variables. Through DOE screening test points, quality and collision performance index response surface model were created by mobile least squares method .And then multi-objective genetic algorithm were used to solve this model and the best structural scheme were selected. The simulation results showed that the carbon fiber composite material had increased by 34.8% compared with the traditional material, and the quality was reduced by 27.1%. The peak value of collision force of optimized composite material decreased in two working conditions, and the quality of bumper was changed from original 3.653 kg to 3.145 kg, further decreasing by 13.9%.
作者
仲伟东
王东方
李静
ZHONG Weidong;WANG Dongfang;LI Jing(School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China)
出处
《南京工业大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
北大核心
2019年第4期463-471,共9页
Journal of Nanjing Tech University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
国家自然科学基金(50975133)
江苏省自然科学基金(BK20130941)
关键词
碳纤维复合材料
汽车防撞梁
多目标优化
碰撞性能
carbon fiber composite material
collision avoidance beam of vehicle
multi-objective optimization
collision performances
