摘要
“灵肉双美”是阐释印度文化矛盾性的一个切入点。作为印度文化的重要源头,《摩诃婆罗多》无论在命运观、行动观、还是正法观上,都闪耀着“灵肉双美”意识的光芒。吠陀时代的神祇尚未退场,史诗时代的英雄蠢蠢欲动。神人之子和神的化身是“灵”与“肉”最佳的中和。人不再甘心作为神的棋子与工具,但在命运面前又常常产生无力之感。俱卢战场上阿周那的迟疑是芸芸众生行动困境的隐喻。放弃行动是出于对命运的敬畏,奋发行动是突破灵肉二元对立的思维局限。《薄伽梵歌》所提倡的“无欲行动”是寻求灵肉间平衡的最佳注解。“灵肉双美”意识光照下的正法也不再僵化绝对,而是微妙难言,具有某种柔软的特质。这一切都始于对灵与肉的原始区分与认知。理论上的灵之美与实践上的肉之美相得益彰。印度原始初民对时间的最初体悟也促进了“灵肉双美”意识的产生。无限循环的时间与单向不可逆的时间在人的脑海中同时存在,逐渐演变出了三世通联的时间互渗律。在时间互渗律的作用下,有限与无限的界限模糊了,“灵”与“肉”的界限也模糊了。探析《摩诃婆罗多》的“灵肉双美”意识,有助于开启一个更立体、更丰富的印度文化之门。
The consciousness of the balance between spirit and flesh is a good perspective to explain the contradictoriness of Indian culture,which exists in almost everywhere in the book of Mahabharata,especially about the view of fate,action and dharma.The Gods in Vedas times have not gone,while the heroes in epic time have been appearing.The sons of the Gods and human beings,as well as the incarnation of Gods are the neutralization of the spirit and the flesh.Human beings are no longer willing to be the chessman or the tools of Gods,but they also feel helpless in face of fate.The hesitation of Arjun on the Kuru battlefield is a metaphor of all the people’s confusion in their daily life.It is because of the awe of the destiny to refuse to move.Keep moving is the breakthrough of the duality of spirit and flesh.Nishkam karma in the Bhagvad Gita is a perfect example of seeking the balance between spirit and flesh.In the shining of the consciousness of the balance between spirit and flesh,the dharam is no long rigid and absolute,but become subtle and soft.All of this is due to the primitive recognition of the spirit and the flesh.The theoretical beauty of the spirit and the practical beauty of the flesh complement each other.The primitive Indian people’s feelings of time is also a factor of the emerge of the consciousness of the balance between spirit and flesh.The primitive Indian people think the circulation infinite time and the limited irreversible time exist at the same time,and gradually become the time filter law,which connect the three eras.According to this time filter law,the line between the finite and infinite has been unclear,and so does the spirit and the flesh.The analysis of the consciousness of the balance between spirit and flesh in Mahabharata is very helpful to open a door of Indian culture in a more solid and rich way.
出处
《南亚东南亚研究》
2019年第3期123-137,157,158,共17页
South and Southeast Asian Studies
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“《摩诃婆罗多》的‘灵肉双美’意识研究”(项目批号:17YJC752031)的阶段性研究成果
关键词
摩诃婆罗多
灵肉双美
命运观
行动观
正法观
Mahabharata
the Balance between Spirit and Flesh
Fate
Action
Dharma
