摘要
经济贫困和学习成绩差是导致我国中西部农村贫困学生高中阶段教育普及率不高的重要原因。本文旨在评估有条件的现金转移支付(CCT)承诺对改善我国农村贫困学生高中完成情况的影响。本研究团队向刚上初中的学生承诺,如果他们三年后上高中,就能在高中期间每年获得1500元的现金资助。基于2010—2016年期间对132所学校1892名初一年级贫困生的追踪调查,本文发现只有不到50%的贫困学生完成了高中学业。随机干预试验结果显示,CCT承诺未显著改善贫困学生的高中完成情况。可能的原因有两个:一是CCT承诺虽然增加了干预组贫困学生志愿上普高的比例,但是并未显著提高他们的成绩,最终他们未读普高;中职常是大多数学生的次优选择,当读中职的直接成本和机会成本高昂,贫困学生仍然不会读中职。二是一旦学生进入高中阶段,无论是读普高还是读中职,经济因素都不再是他们是否完成学业的首要决定因素。本文建议要提高农村义务教育质量,提升贫困学生高中入学的竞争力,并提高高中阶段助学金资助额度,从而保证贫困学生在学业和经济两个方面都有能力上高中并上完高中。
This study aims to evaluate the impact of an early commitment of Conditional Cash Transfer program on high school completion of poor students. The program promised that the research team would provide 1500 yuan per year in cash transfer to roughly cover the cost of three years of high school tuition if the first-year junior high school student was actively enrolled in a 3-year vocational or academic high school program three years later. We use a panel dataset of 1892 poor first-year students, collected between 2010 and 2016, from 132 rural junior high schools in 15 counties in Shaanxi and Hebei provinces. We find that the completion rate of high school is less than 50 percent among poor students in 2016. However, the program has no effect on the general completion rate of academic high school, vocational high school, or neither of them. There are two possible reasons. Firstly, the academic performance of students was too low to meet the requirement of matriculating into academic high school, which were the plans of most poor students. Meanwhile, poor student did not enroll in vocational high schools, a secondary choice for most students, because the funding level of the program is far below the direct cost and opportunity cost of attending high schools. Secondly, economic factor was not the primary concerns of students for staying at school or not as soon as they entered high schools. Thus, we suggest to improve the quality of compulsory education in rural China to make poor students competitive in high school entrance exams and increasing the amount of financial aid to poor students to account for rising direct cost and opportunity cost of attending high schools.
作者
易红梅
何婧
张林秀
YI Hongmei;HE Jing;ZHANG Linxiu
出处
《北京大学教育评论》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第2期149-166,191,192,共20页
Peking University Education Review
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(71573246)
国家自然科学基金重点国际合作研究项目(71110107028)
国家自然科学基金政策研究重点项目(71742002)
