摘要
大麻一直是受国际禁毒公约管制的毒品,也是目前世界范围内滥用比例最大的毒品。与其他毒品相比较,大麻的成瘾度较低、危害性较小,且可以用于纺织、建材、燃料、医疗等工业用途。大麻的多重属性使其饱受争议,主张大麻合法化的声音从未停止,2018年10月加拿大大麻法案的生效,更是引发了全球关于大麻合法化的热议。由于国家在法律层面上赋予传统毒品大麻合法地位,对公众的价值观形成了强烈冲击,因此有必要厘清当下大麻合法化在全球范围内的趋势如何,关于大麻合法化有何主要争议,我国对于大麻合法化持何种立场。目前国际立法普遍反对娱乐大麻合法化,医用大麻合法化进程主要在欧美国家先行推开,对大麻(包括娱乐和医用大麻)立法采取非法模式的国家仍占主导;此外,围绕大麻是否有危害性、医用大麻是否可推行、大麻合法化是否为国际主流、禁麻政策是否造成公共资源的浪费、大麻合法化是否有效确保公共卫生安全、大麻税收是否支持公共卫生安全等所展开的论争,大麻合法化支持者们提出的理由并不成立。由此可见,在涉及大麻的诸多社会问题尚未得到解决前就推行大麻合法化,无益于社会公共利益。我们必须强调,在大麻合法化问题上,我国坚决持反对立场,当前因受西方大麻合法化浪潮的影响,大麻滥用在我国逐渐呈抬头趋势,因此亟待各方重视,加强对涉大麻违法犯罪的打防管控措施。
Cannabis has always been a drug controlled by the international conventions on drug control and is currently the most abused drug in the world. Compared with other drugs, cannabis is less addictive, less harmful, and can be used in textile, building materials, fuel, medical and other industrial applications. The multiple attributes of marijuana have made it controversial, and the voice of advocating the legalization of marijuana has never stopped, so the entry into force of the Canadian Cannabis Act in October 2018 has sparked a global debate on the legalization of marijuana. Given the state grants the legal status to marijuana which has a strong impact on the values of the public,it is necessary to clarify the current trend of legalization of marijuana on a global scale,what is the main controversy about the legalization of cannabis, and what is the standpoint of China on the legalization of cannabis. At present, international legislation generally opposes the legalization of recreational cannabis, the process of legalization of medical marijuana is mainly pushed in western countries,and the countries that maintain illegalization of cannabis(including recreational and medical cannabis) are still dominant. In addition, around disputes like whether marijuana is harmful or not,whether medical marijuana can be implemented, whether the legalization of marijuana is the international mainstream, whether the ban on cannabis policy causes waste of public resources, whether legalization of marijuana is effective to ensure public health security, whether marijuana taxation supports public health security and so on,the reasons given by the cannabis legalized supporters are untenable.It can be seen that the legalization of cannabis is carried out before many social problems involving cannabis has been resolved,which is not conducive to the public interest.We must emphasize that on the issue of legalization of marijuana, China firmly opposes it.At present, marijuana abuse is gradually rising in China due to the influence of t
出处
《中国药物滥用防治杂志》
CAS
2019年第3期130-138,共9页
Chinese Journal of Drug Abuse Prevention and Treatment
关键词
大麻
合法化
管制
cannabis(marijuana)
legalization
control
