摘要
病害是限制玉米生产的重要因素,筛选抗病品种是最经济有效的防控手段,河南省作为玉米主产区,筛选多抗性品种可以为该区玉米品种的推广及抗病育种奠定基础。2015—2017年河南省玉米品种区域试验中,针对河南省6种玉米主要病害进行抗性鉴定,结果表明,在玉米小斑病抗病品种鉴定中,不同年份抗性表现相对稳定,中抗品种占主要地位,比率分别为49.22%、52.00%、46.45%,抗性品种比率呈逐年上升趋势,而高抗性品种极少;在玉米弯孢霉叶斑病抗病品种鉴定中,不同年份间品种抗病表现变化较大,2015年高抗性品种比率最高,为35.16%;在玉米南方锈病抗病品种鉴定中,抗病和高抗的品种总体较少,抗性类型品种呈现逐年增加趋势;玉米镰孢茎腐病抗性种质资源相对较多,抗病品种比率也呈逐年上升趋势;玉米瘤黑粉病抗病品种鉴定结果在不同年份中差异较大,2015年和2016年以感病品种为主,2017年以中抗品种为主;玉米镰孢穗腐病高抗性品种较少,抗性品种比率逐年上升,中抗品种比率相对稳定,在40%左右。结合3a的筛选和鉴定结果,共获得中抗以上的多抗性品种23个。综上所述,近年河南省选育的玉米品种中,对镰孢茎腐病、弯孢霉叶斑病和瘤黑粉病具有中等以上抗性的品种比例较高,而小斑病、南方锈病和镰孢穗腐病的高抗性品种相对较为缺乏,应进一步加强这3种病害的抗病种质资源筛选和抗病育种工作。
Diseases lead to the limit of maize production,and screening of resistant varieties is the most economic and effective way to control the disease.Henan province is a main producing area of maize,and screening multiple resistant varieties will lay the foundation for the promotion of local maize varieties and resistant breeding.In maize variety regional trials of 2015-2017,identification of resistant summer maize varieties against six main diseases was conducted.The results showed that for corn southern leaf blight, the resistance was consistent in different years,and the middle-resistant varieties accounted for the main part,with the ratios of 49.22%,52.00%and 46.45%,respectively.The ratio of resistant varieties increased gradually,but the high-resistant varieties were rare.For Curvularia leaf spot the resistance changed obviously in different years,in 2015 high-resistant varieties dominated,and the ratio was 35.16%.For maize southern rust,the resistant and high-resistant varieties during 2015-2017 were lacking,however,the proportion of resistant maize varieties increased year by year.For corn Fusarium stalk rot, the resistant varieties were plenty,and the ratio of resistant varieties also increased yearly.For corm gall smut,the resistance changed obviously during different years.The main varieties in 2015,2016,and 2017 were susceptible,susceptible,and middle-resistant.For corn Fusarium ear rot,the ratio of high-resistant varieties was less,the ratio of resistant varieties increased yearly, and the ratio of middle-resistant varieties was relatively stable,approximately 40%.During the three years of identification,the number of multiple-resistant varieties with higher than middle resistance was 23.Taken together, the resistant varieties with higher than middle resistance to Fusarium stalk rot, Curvularia leaf spot and corm gall smut were more,but high-resistant varieties of corn southern leaf blight, southern rust and Fusarium ear rot were relatively lacking, so the screening of resistant varieties and resistant br
作者
施艳
燕照玲
王珂
赵清爽
席靖豪
李冠楠
刘焱昆
袁虹霞
李洪连
SHI Yan;YAN Zhaoling;WANG Ke;ZHAO Qingshuang;XI Jinghao;LI Guannan;LIU Yankun;YUAN Hongxia;LI Honglian(College of Plant Protection,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Institute of Agricultural Economics and Information,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science,Zhengzhou 450002,China)
出处
《河南农业科学》
北大核心
2019年第6期95-98,105,共5页
Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200602)
河南省玉米产业技术体系植保岗位科学家科研专项(S2015-02-G05)
关键词
玉米
抗病品种
病害
抗性鉴定
评价
Maize
Resistant variety
Disease
Resistance identification
Evaluation
