摘要
匈牙利曾经是转型模范生,处在民主转型和经济转型的前列,并于2004年正式加入欧盟。在2010年匈牙利议会选举中,欧尔班领导青民盟和基民党组成的竞选联盟获胜,并在2014年和2018年议会选举中实现三连胜。自2010年以来,欧尔班政府在匈牙利实行了包括出台新法案、加强对新闻和出版业控制、削弱权力制衡、打击非政府组织在内的一系列政治举措,构成了"民主倒退"。针对这一现象,欧盟从2011年起采取了多项应对措施,对匈牙利进行调查,并先后出台多份报告。欧洲议会于2018年9月通过启动《里斯本条约》第7条的决议,认为匈牙利存在违背欧盟基本价值观的威胁。欧盟对匈牙利"民主倒退"的应对,反映了欧盟维护基本价值观时的操作局限性,既要体现欧盟作为价值观联盟的地位,维护欧盟基本价值观,又要小心欧盟与成员国的主权边界,避免被指责为"过度干预成员国内政",强化成员国内部的民族主义情绪。
Hungary was once a top student in transition, at the forefront of democratic transition and economic transition, and formally joined the European Union in 2004. The coalition of Fidesz and KDNP led by Viktor Orban won in parliamentary elections in 2010 and won another two parliamentary elections in 2014 and 2018, respectively. Since 2010, the Orban government has implemented a series of political changes in Hungary, including introducing new laws, strengthening control over the press and publishing industry, weakening checks and balances of power, and cracking down on non-governmental organizations, which constitute the so-called "democratic regression". In response to this phenomenon, the EU has taken a number of measures since 2011 to investigate Hungary and issued a number of warning reports.In September 2018, the European parliament adopted a resolution to activate article 7 of the Lisbon treaty, believing that there was a threat against the basic values of the European Union in Hungary. The EU’s response reflects the EU’s dilemma:it must manifest the EU as a value league and maintain the values, while it have to be in mind where is the member state sovereign border to avoid from criticism of excessive intervention of "internal affairs " and from strengthening member states’ nationalism.
出处
《俄罗斯学刊》
2019年第3期84-100,共17页
Academic Journal of Russian Studies
基金
国家社科基金重大项目《一带一路沿线各国民族志研究及数据库建设》(项目编号:17ZDA156)阶段性成果
关键词
匈牙利
民主倒退
欧盟
Hungary
democratic backsliding
the EU
