摘要
直接硼氢化物燃料电池(DBFC)是一种可以直接将化学能转化成电能的新型燃料电池,该类电池因具有理论电压高、能量密度大、环境污染小等优点而备受关注。然而,在DBFC工作的过程中,BH 4 -容易发生水解而释放出氢气,导致实际转移的电子数目减少,燃料利用率降低,同时生成的氢气还会给电池带来隐患。研究表明,DBFC的性能很大程度取决于硼氢化物分子在DBFC阳极上发生的电化学反应,而阳极上的电化学反应又直接受阳极催化剂的控制。因此,阳极催化剂是影响DBFC电化学性能的关键因素。以往研究者们多采用贵金属单质(例如Au、Pt、Ag、Pd等)或贵金属合金作为DBFC阳极催化剂,也有的采用过渡金属(例如Ni)。贵金属催化剂具有优异的催化性能,但高昂的成本限制了它们的广泛应用。过渡金属成本较低,但其催化性能却不够突出。因此,阳极催化剂的选择是DBFC能否广泛应用的关键。近年来,具有可逆吸、放氢性能的储氢合金由于其特殊的储氢特性引起了DBFC研究者们的极大关注,他们将储氢合金用作DBFC阳极催化剂。研究表明,储氢合金除了具有与贵金属催化剂相类似的催化能力外,还能将DBFC工作过程中发生的水解副反应释放出来的氢吸附(或存储),并在一定条件下再将氢以电能的形式释放出来,从而提高了燃料的利用率。此外,储氢合金作为DBFC阳极催化剂,不仅降低了原材料成本,还抑制了水解副反应,从而提高了燃料的利用率,同时该合金在稳定性方面也有一定的优势。为进一步发挥储氢合金的催化性能,研究者们对储氢合金进行表面修饰、晶体结构改变、成分优化等多角度研究。理论和实验研究证明,储氢合金是一种具有应用潜力的DBFC非贵金属催化剂。本文在简要说明DBFC工作原理、介绍储氢合金吸放氢机理以及储氢合金作为DBFC阳极催化剂反应机制的基础上,综
Direct borohydride fuel cell (DBFC) is a new kind of fuel cell that can convert chemical energy directly into power.This battery has been paid much attention because of its high theoretical voltage, high energy density, less pollution to environment and so on. However, in the process of working in DBFC, since BH 4 - is prone to hydrolysis and releases hydrogen, the number of actually transferred electrons is reduced, the fuel utilization rate is lowered, and the generated hydrogen gas also brings hidden danger to the battery. Studies have shown that the performance of DBFC largely depends on the electrochemical reaction of borohydride molecules at the anode, while the electrochemical reaction on the anode is directly controlled by the anode catalyst. So that, the anode catalyst is the key factor affecting DBFC electrochemical performance. In the past, people usually used precious metals (such as Au, Pt, Ag, Pd, etc.) or precious metal alloys as the anode catalyst of DBFC, and some have used transition metals (such as Ni). Although the precious metal catalyst has good catalytic properties, it cannot be widely used because of its cost problem. In spite of the transition metal has low cost, its catalytic performance is not outstanding enough. Therefore, the choice of anode catalyst is the key to the wide application of DBFC. In recent years, hydrogen storage alloys with reversible hydrogen absorption and release properties have attracted great attention from DBFC researchers due to their special hydrogen storage characteristics, so thatresearchers have took hydrogen storage alloys as anode catalysts of DBFC. Studies have shown that in addition to the direct catalytic ability similar to noble metal catalysts, hydrogen storage alloys can also adsorb (or storage) hydrogen released from the hydrolysis side reactions that occur during DBFC operation, and then released in the form of electrical energy under certain conditions, thus improving fuel utilization. In addition, as anode catalyst of DBFC, hydrogen storage alloys
作者
闫静
田晓
赵宣
赵丽娟
杨艳春
陈均
YAN Jing;TIAN Xiao;ZHAO Xuan;ZHAO Lijuan;YANG Yanchun;CHEN Jun(Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory for Physics and Chemistry of Functional Materials,School of Physics and Electronic Information,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot 010022;College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871)
出处
《材料导报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第13期2229-2236,共8页
Materials Reports
基金
内蒙古自治区高等学校科学技术研究项目(NJZZ17040)
内蒙古自然科学基金(2014MS0542)
国家自然科学基金(51661027)
内蒙古自治区大学生创新训练项目(201710135006)
内蒙古师范大学科研项目(2017ZRYB005)~~
关键词
直接硼氢化物燃料电池
储氢合金
阳极催化剂
水解
direct borohydride fuel cell (DBFC)
hydrogen storage alloy
anode catalyst
hydrolysis
