摘要
尽管以铜铟镓硒(CIGS)和碲化镉(CdTe)为代表的第二代薄膜太阳能电池已成功实现商业化,截至目前,以CIGS为吸收层的电池的效率已经突破23%,但由于In元素稀缺,Cd元素有剧毒,限制了该电池的大规模生产。铜锌锡硫(Cu 2ZnSnS 4,CZTS)是一种直接带隙半导体,因具有禁带宽度合适、光吸收系数高、组分无毒和储量丰富等优点,而成为目前太阳能电池中最具有潜力的吸收层材料之一。目前以CZTS为吸收层的太阳能电池的效率已突破12%,已接近于商业化的多晶硅太阳能电池的效率。目前,CZTS粉体的制备方法主要为以溶剂热法、一锅法和热注入法为代表的溶液法。由于这些方法需要昂贵的仪器设备、复杂的操作顺序、较长的反应时间,且易产生杂相,严重制约着生产效率的提高。微波法也是一种溶液化学反应法,由于具有反应速度快、操作简单、效率高、加热均匀、能够减小热梯度等优势,近年在太阳能电池材料制备领域引起了广泛关注。微波法制备CZTS薄膜通常有一步成膜和两步成膜两种途径。两步成膜法先通过微波合成CTZS的粉体,再将粉体分散之后通过旋涂等方法获得CZTS的薄膜。采用这种方法得到的薄膜更加均匀、致密、稳定。然而,CZTS属于四元化合物,化学计量比的少量偏离就很容易产生其他杂相,因此如何减少和控制杂相的生成,制备纯相、形貌可控的CZTS纳米晶体并将其应用于薄膜太阳能电池显得至关重要。最近几年,除了研究CZTS对器件性能的影响外,研究者们主要从选择合适的有机溶剂、原料配比、反应时间、反应温度及表面活性剂等制备工艺方面不断尝试,并取得了丰硕的成果,在充分发挥微波法反应速度快、操作简单、效率高、加热均匀优势的同时大幅提升了器件效率。目前,以微波法合成的CZTS为吸收层材料制备的太阳能电池的转换效率已从最初的0.25%�
Although sec on d-ge nerati on thin-film solar en ergy represe nted by copper in dium gallium sele nide (CIGS) and cadmium telluride (CdTe) has been successfully commercialized. Moreover, the power conversion efficiency( PCE) with CIGS as the absorption layer has exceeded 23%, but, due to the scarcity of the In element, the Cd element is highly toxic, which limits its mass production. Cu2ZnSnS4, CZTS is a kind of direct band gap semicon ductor. Because of its suitable band gap width, high light absorptio n coefficie nt, non-toxic comp onents and abundant reserves, it is the most potential absorbing layer material in solar cells. At present, PCE with CZTS as the absorption layer has exceeded 12%, and this efficiency is close to the current commercial polycrystalline silicon solar cells. Nowadays, the main preparation method of CZTS powder is a solution reaction represented by solvothermal method, one-pot method and hot injection method. Because these methods require expensive equipment, complicated operation sequenee, long reaction time, and easy generation of miscellaneous phases, the production efficiency is seriously restricted. Microwave heating is one of the solution chemical reaction methods, but this method has attracted extensive attention in the field of solar cell material preparation in recent years due to its advantages of fast reaction speed, simple operation, high efficiency, uniform heating, and reduced thermal gradient. The CZTS film prepared by microwave heating has two methods of one-step film formation and two-step film formation. The two-step film formation method refers to first synthesizing the powder of CTZS by microwave, and the n dispers ing the powder and the n obta ining the film by spin coati ng or other methods. However, CZTS bel ongs to the quaternary compound, and the small deviation of the stoichiometric ratio makes it easy to produce other heterophases. Therefore, how to reduce and control the formation of the heterophase, and prepare the CZTS nanocrystals with pure phase and contr
作者
沈韬
柴鲜花
孙淑红
朱艳
SHEN Tao;CHAI Xianhua;SUN Shuhong;ZHU Yan(Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093;Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093)
出处
《材料导报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第13期2159-2166,共8页
Materials Reports
基金
国家自然科学基金(61764010
61671225)
云南省重点基金(2018FA034)~~
