摘要
陕西方言可划分为陕北、关中、陕南3个方言区。陕北方言有入声调和入声韵尾,属于晋语;关中方言属于中原官话;陕南方言主要属于西南官话和中原官话,还有赣语等。陕西多数方言点保留了古汉语的[η]声母,陕北及关中方言《切韵》音系庄组二三等、章组止摄三等及知组二等分别读作[ts ts^h s]声母。古入声普通话读作[ye iau]韵母的字西安等处分化成为[y■y■]韵母,关中方言区、陕南西部一些方言点[ei]韵母字还对应着普通话[■o ai]韵母的许多古入声字;与普通话前鼻韵母[■n in un yn]相对应,陕北方言区及宝鸡一带分别并入[■η iη uη yη]。普通话舌尖后声母拼合口呼的字,关中多数方言点读作舌尖前声母拼以[■]为声母或介音的音节;关中以至于陕西全省的“支微入鱼”现象主要如“尉蔚慰围韦苇纬魏”等字读作[y]韵母;商南、柞水等处把普通话[t■y-t■hy-t■yny-y-]的字读作[t■hu-t■hu-■u-nu-■u-]等。
Shaanxi dialect can be divided into three dialect areas: northern Shaanxi, Guanzhong and southern Shaanxi. Northern Shaanxi dialect with entering tone and the tail final belongs to Jin dialect, Guanzhong dialect belongs to Central Plains Mandarin, Southern Shaanxi dialect mainly belongs to Southwest Mandarin and Central Plains Mandarin, as well as Gan dialect. Most of the dialect points in Shaanxi retain the initial [η] of ancient Chinese, and the phonological systems of Qieyun in northern Shaanxi and Guanzhong dialects are pronounced as the consonants of [ts tsh s] respectively, such as the second and third class of Zhuang group, the third class of Zhang group, the third class of Zhi group and the second class of Zhi group. Ancient finals [ye iau] in standard Chinese are pronounced as [y■ y■] finals in Xi' an and other places. In Guanzhong dialect areas,[ei] finals are pronounced as [■ o ai] corresponding to a lot of characters with entering tones. Compatible with [■n in un yn] nasal finals in standard Chinese, northern Shaanxi dialect areas and Baoji area are to be respectively incorporated into [■η iη uη yη]. Concrete examples were given to illustrate the difference in pronunciation variations.
作者
孙立新
傅来兮
SUN Lixin;FU Laixi(Institute of Literature and Art, Shaanxi Academy of Social Sciences, Xi'an 710065,Shaanxi,China;Department of Public Administration, Shaanxi Radio and Television University,Xi'an 710061,Shaanxi,China)
出处
《咸阳师范学院学报》
2019年第3期33-39,共7页
Journal of Xianyang Normal University
基金
国家语委“新丝绸之路建设教科文发展中语言文字推广的作用与对策研究”一般项目(YB125-171)
关键词
陕西方言
语音
单字调
声母
韵母
声韵拼合
Shaanxi dialect
phonetics
monosyllable
initials
finals
combination of initials and finals
characteristics and rules
