摘要
目的了解浙江省舟山市普陀区1962年-2017年的霍乱流行特征,为控制并达到最终消除霍乱提供科学依据。方法对普陀区56年的霍乱流行疫情资料和控制情况进行回顾性分析。结果1962年-1997年共发生不同规模霍乱疫情16次,报告霍乱3139例,年均发病率为30.40/10万,死亡18例,病死率为0.57%,检出带菌者533例,带菌率为5.16/10万;城区发病率高于渔农村;7月-9月为发病高峰,有明显的季节性;流行菌株60年代-70年代以小川型1b为主,80年代转为稻叶型1d占优势,90年代后又再次呈现以小川型1b为主;35株小川型1b菌株药敏试验显示氟哌酸为首选药物,强力霉素敏感、痢特灵中敏、青霉素耐药;1996年首次在冻带尾虾中检出非O1群霍乱弧菌O139型菌株。1998年-2017年普陀区无霍乱疫情,外环境中亦未检出霍乱弧菌。结论通过长期坚持标本兼治的防制策略,普陀区于1998年最终消除霍乱疫情。
Objective To understand the characteristics of cholera epidemic from 1962 to 2017 in Putuo District,Zhoushan City,Zhejiang Province,so as to provide scientific basis for controlling and ultimately eliminating cholera. Methods Epidemic data of cholera in Putuo district in 56 years were analyzed retrospectively. Results From 1962 to 1917,there were 16 cholera epidemics of different scales,and 3 139 cases of cholera were reported. The annual incidence rate was 30. 40 /100 000,18 died,the mortality rate was 0. 57%,and 533 cases were detected. The carrier rate was 5. 16 /100 000;the incidence rate in urban areas is higher than that in fishing villages;July-September is the peak of incidence,with obvious seasonality;epidemic strains are dominated by Ogawa type 1b during 1960-1970,and dominated by rice leaf type 1d in the 1980s. After the 1990s, Ogawa type 1b was again presented;35 strains of Ogawa type 1b strain showed that norfloxacin was the first choice,and also the doxycycline-sensitive,chlorpheniramine-sensitive,and penicillin-resistant drug;Non-O1 Vibrio cholerae O139 strains were detected in frozen shrimp. From 1998 to 2017,there was no cholera epidemic in Putuo District,and no Vibrio cholerae was detected in the external environment. Conclusion In 1998,Putuo District finally eliminated the cholera epidemic through long-term prevention and control strategies.
作者
邬其欢
张世宏
王国荣
WU Qi-huan;ZHANG Shi-hong;WANG Guo-rong(Clinical Laboratory,Putuo Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zhoushan,Zhejiang 316100,China)
出处
《中国卫生检验杂志》
CAS
2019年第9期1127-1130,共4页
Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology
关键词
霍乱
流行特征
控制措施
Cholera
Epidemic characteristics
Control measures
