摘要
学校体育政策是国家管理学校体育事业的基本工具和基本手段,审视学校体育的改革与发展,政策是一个不可缺席的考察维度。运用文献资料研究、历史回溯和逻辑分析等方法,对40年来我国学校体育政策的发展历程进行回顾检视,进而分析政策发展的特征、取得的成效、存在的问题,并提出政策建议。在政策发展特征方面:1)党和政府高度重视青少年健康成长和学校体育政策的制定,充分彰显了学校体育政策的权威性;2)遵循渐进式的政策演进之路,较好地保持了学校体育政策的继承性、稳定性;3)精英决策与民众参与相结合,学校体育政策过程的科学化、民主化水平得到显著提高。一系列政策的出台和实施,有效地引领、推进了各个阶段我国学校体育工作的重建、改进、完善和深化,促进了学校体育的改革与发展,彰显了政策的积极功能与成效。但"要素驱动式"的政策生成逻辑,一定程度上制约了改革的整体性推进;"政策执行难"的问题长期存在,导致改革进展和实效难如预期;自上而下的"外推型"政策推进模式权威高效,但基层实践者参与改革的内生动力不足;政策运行的社会性品质阙如,改革缺乏充分的社会性支撑与协同;政策监测与评估机制不够完善,一定程度上削弱了改革的科学性与实效性。建议继续加强学校体育政策研究,通过强化政策统筹治理,进一步提升政策实施的民主化水平,逐步完善社会支持系统,加快推进新型智库建设以及进一步完善"知策-治策-行策"三位一体的政策主体间共生互动机制等系列措施,更加科学地制定学校体育政策,更为扎实地推进政策落实,为新时代学校体育事业的新发展提供更为有力的政策保障。
During the past 40 years of reform and opening up, we have piled up abundant practical experiences in the reform of physical education. At the age of "no perplexities", the reform process must be summed up fully and seriously so that we might get beneficial enlightenment for the future development. Policies are basic tools and important vehicles for government to develop and regulate the cause of physical education. Therefore, policy is an essential perspective in reexamining the reform and development of physical education. By using literature review method, historical method and logic analysis method, this paper untangles and surveys the development of school physical education policies in the past 40 years, tries to summarize characteristics of the evolution and change of policies, progress achieved, standing problems, and then puts forward some policy suggestions. The fundamental characteristics of the evolution and change of policies can be concluded as follows: Chinese government has attached great importance to teenagers’ healthy growth and the development of adolescent physical health policies, which thoroughly demonstrates policies’ authority;the policies’ continuity and stability have been ensured in the process of gradual reform;with the interaction of the elite decision-making and citizen participation, the scientization and democratization of physical education policy processes have risen notably. The achievements are as follows: the promulgation and implementation of a series of policies effectively led and promoted the reconstruction, improvement and perfection of school physical education in all stages of China, promoted the reform and development of school physical education, and highlighted the positive functions and effects of the policy. The standing problems include: factor-driven evolution logic of policies has constrained reform’s integrated promotion;enforcement difficulties have long existed, which has made it difficult to achieve the reform progress and the actual effect as sched
作者
潘凌云
王健
PAN Lingyun;WANG Jian(Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China)
出处
《体育科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第5期13-25,共13页
China Sport Science
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目(13CTY020)
关键词
改革开放40年
学校体育
改革
政策
新时代
the 40 years of reform and opening up
school physical education
reform
policy
the new era
