摘要
后冷战时代跨界民族问题的重要性日益凸显,但近年来相关成果在研究取向上存在“安全问题”与“去安全问题”的悖论以及跨界、民族两要素不兼顾的缺失。跨界民族引发的安全问题既包括传统安全问题,也包括非传统安全问题,但总体以后者居多。本文详细分析了跨界民族所在国为何将跨界民族群体视为安全问题,并提出了军事政治安全、文化安全和社会安全三大类型的安全威胁,并在此基础上剖析了其成因。这些威胁可能是存在性威胁,也可能是建构性威胁。跨界民族本身是一个变量,加上它所引发与卷入的安全问题往往受国家间关系影响或是为国内政治进程所驱动,故跨界民族成为所在国安全威胁是有着严格条件性的,它绝非必然成为“问题”,也并不必定带来安全威胁。我们不能简单将其安全化或去安全化,而应科学考察其存在的条件、范围与机理,在此基础上对症下药、综合施治。
In the post-Cold War era,transborder ethnic issues are becoming increasingly important.Among the research findings,there is a paradox in research orientation between“security issues”and“de-security issues”.Also,the deficiency of balance between transborder issues and ethnicities exist.The security problems caused by transborder ethnic groups include not only traditional security problems,but also non-traditional security problems.This paper analyzes why the host country regards the transborder ethnic groups as security issues,and puts forward three types of security threats,namely military and political security,cultural security and social security.On this basis,analyses of security threats causes are proceeded.These threats may be existential or constructive.Transborder ethnic groups are a variable per se,coupled with the fact that the security issues it raises and involves are often influenced by inter-state relations or driven by internal political processes.Therefore,there are some strict limits where transborder ethnic groups become the host country's security threat.Transborder ethnic groups do not necessarily becomes“problems”,nor necessarily bring the security problem.We can not simply make it securized or de-securized.On the other hand,we should scientifically investigate the conditions,scope and mechanism of it.It is on this basis that we could find specific ways to solve this problem in a comprehensive way.
作者
王军
黄鹏
Wang Jun;Huang Peng(Chinese Ethnic Theory and Ethnic Policy,Minzu University of China;School of Ethnology and Sociology of Minzu University of China;Ocean University of China)
出处
《世界经济与政治》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第5期80-102,158-159,共24页
World Economics and Politics
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“比较视野下的独立公投与民族问题”(项目编号:16BMZ095)的阶段性成果
关键词
跨界民族
传统安全
非传统安全
安全威胁
transborder ethnic groups
traditional security
non-traditional security
security threat
