摘要
在宪法学上,判断区别待遇是否构成歧视,不仅应从宏观上考察区别对待的目的正当性、区别对待的手段与目的之间是否存在正当联系以及手段的正当性,还应从微观上考虑区别对待所实现的公共利益的性质与重要性、区别对待所限制的权益的性质、区别对待所依据的特征是否包含在宪法有关平等的规定之中、归类是否存在过多包含或过少包含的情况等因素,具体可采取"四阶段法"。据此可以认为,目前基于实现实质平等目的而制定的景区门票优惠政策中存在年龄歧视、身高歧视、户籍歧视、身份歧视以及宗教歧视,应予取消。为防范类似歧视现象的发生,限制公园或景区管理者的裁量权是关键。因此,应在立法上统一规定可以区别对待和禁止区别对待的情形,以及可以给予某类人群优惠的景区的数量等;应建立强制门票优惠政策拟定者公开说明理由的机制、由价格主管部门事前对门票优惠政策进行合法性审查的机制以及建立基于旅游者投诉而启动的门票优惠政策合法性审查机制。
According to the theory of constitution, to judge whether differential treatment constitutes discrimination, we should not only macroscopically examine the justification of the purpose of differential treatment, the justification of the connection between the means and the purpose of differential treatment and the justification of the means, but also microscopically consider the nature and importance of the public interest realized by differential treatment, the nature of the rights and interests restricted by differential treatment, whether the characteristics on which they are based are included in the Constitutional provisions on equality, whether there are too many or too few inclusions in the classification, and etc.Specifically, we can adopt the "four-stage method".Accordingly, it can be concluded that there are age discrimination, height discrimination, household registration discrimination, identity discrimination and religious discrimination in the current preferential ticket policies for achieving substantive equality.Therefore, it should be abolished.The key to prevent the occurrence of similar discrimination is to limit the discretion of park managers or scenic area managers.Therefore, it is necessary to uniformly stipulate in legislation which kind of preferential treatment should be given to the people or prohibited, and the number of scenic spots that can be given preferential treatment.It is necessary to establish a mechanism to force the formulators of ticket preferential policies to publicly explain their reasons, a mechanism for government price departments to review the legitimacy of the preferential policies in advance, and a mechanism for reviewing the legitimacy of preferential policies on entrance tickets initiated by tourists’ complaints.
作者
肖泽晟
XIAO Ze-sheng(Law school, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210093)
出处
《行政法学研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第3期3-15,共13页
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REVIEW
关键词
门票优惠
平等
歧视
区别对待
Entrance Ticket Discount
Equality
Discrimination
Differential Treatment
