摘要
谦虚不仅在宗教和伦理学领域被视为一种美德,在心理学领域中,也被作为一种积极的品格进行探讨。谦虚有益于身心健康,有助于维系人际关系,在组织行为中也可以带来益处。尤其是在当代社会,人们的自我愈发膨胀也愈发脆弱,谦虚可以使人们正确认识自己并超越狭隘的自我,增强博爱的体验,获得更多的社会支持,从而更好地抵御自我威胁。笔者结合个体与情境的互动,提出将谦虚做“真诚性”与“策略性”区分的设想,并认为这两种类型的谦虚会对个体身心健康起到不同的作用。与“真我”一致的“真诚性谦虚”是一种高质量自尊的表现,不易受到环境的影响,可以使人通过积极的应对方式调节负性情绪,对身心健康有积极的作用。而策略性谦虚,即将谦虚作为特定环境中获取社会赞许的策略,被动地应对负性生活事件,就未必有益身心健康。据此笔者指出,当前研究者需要深化对谦虚的理解,关注并进一步挖掘谦虚在不同社会文化情境中的价值。
Modesty carries important values across both Eastern and Western cultures. A series of psychological studies suggested that modesty is beneficial to personal well-being, interpersonal relationships, and organizational behavior. Especially considering the increasingly inflated but fragile ego in recent years,modesty is precious for its help to transcend narrow self-views,strengthen interpersonal bonds,and buffer self-threats. Based on the dynamic construction of personal values and contextual norms,we proposed and distinguished two types of modesty, authentic modesty and tactical modesty. Authentic modesty, as a manifestation of people’s authentic self,is based on personalized modesty values or beliefs;whereas tactical modesty,as a response to situational requirements,is independent of one’s personalized values or beliefs. Referring to a series of research conducted by the authors, we suggest that, individuals with authentic modesty hold a quiet and stable ego and cope with stresses more actively,resulting in high adaptability and well-being;whereas,individuals with high tactical modesty are sensitive to contextual information and cope with stress passively,resulting in less positive affect. This research deepens the understanding of modesty and offers a new theoretical foundation for the practice of modesty in modern society.
作者
施媛媛
张红川
Shi Yuanyuan;Zhang Hongchuan
出处
《中国社会心理学评论》
CSSCI
2018年第2期215-232,M0010,共19页
Chinese Social Psychological Review
