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利妥昔单抗治疗儿童非肿瘤性抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体脑炎的4例临床观察及疗效分析 被引量:4

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摘要 目的探讨利妥昔单抗用于抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(NMDAR)脑炎患儿的疗效和安全性。方法收集2014年5月至2017年4月该院收治的经一线免疫治疗无效的4例抗NMDAR脑炎患儿,通过回顾性分析其临床资料,评价利妥昔单抗的疗效及不良反应。结果 4例患儿中女性3例、男性1例,年龄分别为7岁1个月(患儿1)、5岁9个月(患儿2)、5岁3个月(患儿3)、9岁5个月(患儿4),4例患儿均未合并肿瘤,临床上均有精神行为异常及不自主运动等,脑脊液抗NMDAR抗体阳性,对一线免疫治疗(大剂量糖皮质激素和静脉注射丙种球蛋白)疗效不佳,mRS神经功能评分分别为:患儿1、3为4分,患儿2、4为5分。给予妥昔单抗治疗后除患儿2外临床症状均明显好转,症状恢复表现为意识改善,精神症状消失或明显减轻,不自主运动消失或明显减少,睡眠时间正常,情绪平稳。患儿2治疗妥昔单抗治疗4次后可以说单字,肢体抖动轻微减少但并不明显,余症状未见明显好转,10周后给予等剂量第5次利妥昔单抗治疗,至今随访13个月,头颅MRI可见脑萎缩,语言功能逐渐恢复,目前临床遗留有口周部及肢体的不自主运动、情绪冲动、注意力不集中、睡眠不安等表现,mRs4分。4例患儿均无复发。在首次输注利妥昔单抗初,患儿2出现呕吐及轻度腹痛,患儿3出现头痛、一过性皮肤瘙痒,经暂停输注半小时后临床症状均逐渐消失,以原输液速度减半继续完成输注,之后治疗均顺利,余患儿未出现不良反应。结论利妥昔单抗是经一线免疫治疗无效的抗NMDAR脑炎患儿的一有效治疗措施。
出处 《重庆医学》 CAS 2019年第10期1767-1769,1773,共4页 Chongqing medicine
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