摘要
本文尝试从社会建构主义的视角,探索中国语境的死亡话语类型及其与社会变迁的关系。首先,文章尝试对死亡话语的类型做一界定,参考Matthiessen(2015)的语域制图法和Searle(1976)的言语行为分类,从静态(时间截面)视角对死亡相关的基础话语类别根据其功能做出概括,分为三层:第一层是话语的八种基本通用功能:描述、重构、表达、实施、指示、建议、评鉴、阐述;第二层是这些通用功能的子类(例如"描述"中有事件的"报告"和故事的"讲述");第三层是有关死亡的具体语类举例,例如"报告"中的"讣告"和"讲述"中的"回忆录"。接下来,文章尝试从动态视角(Fairclough 1992),揭示社会情境和语言形式之间"实现"和"建构"的相互关系;二者的互动是社会变迁的重要构成。最后简要介绍近年来的相关研究,并对未来研究做出展望和建议。
From a social constructivist perspective, this paper explores genre types of death discourse in the Chinese context,and their relations with social changes. First,"death discourse"is defined. In light of Matthiessen’s(2015) registerial cartography and Searle’s(1976) classification of speech acts, genre types of a given time are divided into three levels or concentric circles. The first circle consists of 8 primary types of genre according to their functions: describing,recreating, expressing, directing, recommending, appraising, and expounding. Each of these is further classified into several subtypes in the second circle. The third circle consists of death related genre types. Then drawing on Fairclough(1992), the dynamic relation between text and social context is portrayed, i.e., the former realizes as well as constructs the latter. Such interaction between the two constitutes social change. Finally, recent studies on death discourse are discussed, and suggestions are given for future research.
出处
《外语研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第2期1-6,112,共7页
Foreign Languages Research
关键词
死亡话语
语类
社会变迁
death discourse
genre types
social change
