摘要
我国淡水资源贫乏,且分布不均衡,全国半数以上城市缺水,其中约四分之一严重缺水,而海岛地区的缺水问题则更为显著。海水利用作为实现水资源利用的开源增量技术,逐渐受到社会各界的关注。本文首先对海水利用产业的发展现状与政策环境进行梳理,并以三个重点发展海水利用产业的海洋高技术产业基地试点城市(天津、青岛、舟山)为例,展示该产业的地区实践进展与成果。随后进一步分析海水利用的经济性和环境影响,并从价格、政策、投资风险、认识、技术、产能闲置方面分析我国海水利用产业发展过程中存在的主要问题。为进一步推动海水利用产业健康有序发展,有效缓解我国淡水资源不足的现状,提出以下建议:加快推进海水利用立法工作;通过政策、补贴等方式对海水利用产业进行扶持;健全海水利用相关标准;促进海水利用产业集聚发展。
China is deficient in freshwater resources which are unevenly distributed. Morethan half of the cities in China are short of water. About one quarter of them areseriously deficient in water, while the problem of water shortage on islands is moresignificant. As a source broadening incremental technology for realizing water resourcesutilization, seawater utilization has gradually attracted the attention of the society. Thispaper firstly describes the development status and policy environment of seawaterutilization industry, then takes three high tech industrial bases ( Tianjin, Qingdao andZhoushan), which focus on developing the seawater utilization industry, for example todemonstrate the regional practice progress and achievements, further discusses theeconomic and environmental impacts of seawater utilization, and then analyzes mainproblems in the China' s seawater utilization industry from the aspects of price, policy,investment risk, understanding, technology and capacity idleness. In order to promote thehealthy and orderly development of the seawater utilization industry and effectively solvethe problem of freshwater insufficiency in China, the paper puts forward the followingsuggestions: Speeding up the promotion of seawater utilization legislation;supporting theseawater utilization industry with policies and subsidies;improving the relevant standardsof seawater utilization;and promoting the agglomeration development of seawaterutilization industry.
作者
姜祖岩
JIANG Zuyan(China Institute for Marine Affairs, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China,Beijing 100161, China)
出处
《海洋经济》
2019年第1期20-28,共9页
Marine Economy
关键词
海水利用
产业
发展
存在问题
Seawater utilization
Industry
Development
Existing problem
