摘要
咖啡作为国家不断重视的新兴作物,明确小粒咖啡土壤肥力现状,利于实现咖啡行业的资源有效利用和可持续发展。通过对小粒咖啡主产区云南省的普洱、临沧、德宏、保山、文山和怒江采集的大量土壤数据进行分析,研究小粒咖啡地的土壤肥力现状。目前,云南省小粒咖啡地的海拔、土壤pH、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾平均值分别为1186.1 m、 5.53、 32.68 g/kg、 128.77 mg/kg、 18.53 mg/kg和138.31 mg/kg。小粒咖啡主产区海拔>500 m,土壤pH呈酸性和弱酸性(4.5～6.5),土壤有机质>20 g/kg、碱解氮>90 mg/kg、有效磷>10 mg/kg、速效钾>100 mg/kg,为中等及以上肥力水平。其中,怒江海拔稍低于其他地区;怒江占适宜土壤pH的比例最大,德宏和普洱最小;德宏有机质含量最高,保山、文山和怒江有机质缺乏;普洱土壤碱解氮含量最高,怒江和文山氮素缺乏;保山土壤有效磷含量最高,临沧、普洱和文山磷缺乏;怒江土壤速效钾含量最高,少量地区钾缺乏。在长期的耕作和较低施肥量条件下,云南省咖啡土壤养分变化显著。建议改良酸性土壤,增加有机肥施用量,控制施氮量,适当增施磷钾肥,以维持和促进咖啡土壤的养分平衡。
Coffee is an emerging crop that China has continued to attach great importance to.It is very important to analyze the current status of soil fertility of Coffea arabica plantations in order to achieve effective utilization and sustainable development of soil resources in coffee plantations.The current status of soil fertility in the C.arabica plantations was analyzed based on data on large number of soil samples collected from the main C.arabica producing areas (Puer,Lincang,Dehong,Baoshan,Wenshan and Nujiang).The elevation,pH,the content of soil organic matter(OM),alkaline-hydrolysable nitrogen (AN),available phosphorus (AP) and available potassium (AK) in the soil of C.arabica plantations in Yunnan were 1 186.1 m,5.53,32.68 g/kg,128.77 mg/kg,18.53 mg/kg,and 138.31 mg/kg,respectively,on average.The soil fertility was moderate or higher in the main C.arabica producing areas if the elevation was above 500 m,the soil pH was greater than 4.5 and less than 6.5,the content of soil OM was higher than 20 g/kg,AN was higher than 90 mg/kg,AP was higher than 10 mg/kg and AK was higher than 100 mg/kg.Among the areas under the survey,Nujing was slightly lower in elevation than other areas.Nujiang had the highest percentage of area with suitable soil pH,while Dehong and Puer the lowest.Dehong had the highest content of soil OM,while Baoshan,Wenshan and Nujiang were lack of soil OM.Puer had the most highest content of soil AN,and Nujiang and Wenshan were deficient in soil AN.Baoshan had the highest content of soil AP,and Lincang,Puer and Wenshan were in short.Nujiang had the highest content of soil AP,and only a few areas were in short of soil AP.The soil fertility of the C.arabica plantations in Yunnan varied obviously under the condition of long-term cultivation and low frequency of fertilizer application.It is,therefore,suggested that the acid soil should be improved,and applied with organic fertilizer at an additional rate,with nitrogen at a controlled rate and with phosphorus and potassium at an additional rate to maintai
作者
赵明珠
郭铁英
马关润
萧自位
苏琳琳
吴婷
唐谨
白学慧
ZHAO Mingzhu;GUO Tieying;MA Guanrun;XIAO Ziwei;Su Linlin;WU Ting;TANG Jin;BAI Xuehui(Dehong Tropical Agriculture Sciences Institute,Ruili,Yunnan 678600)
出处
《热带农业科学》
2019年第3期1-7,共7页
Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture
基金
云南省科技社会发展科技计划项目(No.2015DC004)
农业农村物种品种资源保护(热带作物)项目(No.16RZZY-07-06)
关键词
小粒咖啡
主产区
土壤肥力
Coffea arabica
main producing areas
soil fertility
