摘要
国际单位制是国际测量体系的基石,是人类定义世界的标尺。阐述了国际单位制的起源、作用和演变,回顾了1960年以来历次国际计量大会对"米"和"秒"的重新定义,给出了"千克"、"开尔文"、"安培"、"摩尔"等基本单位在2018年举行的第26届国际计量大会通过的基于物理常数的量子化定义,并与传统定义进行了比较。分析了基本单位量子化的原因,给出了基于实物定义的缺陷和不足,阐述了国际单位制新定义的意义。分析了国际单位制重新定义对产业、计量格局、管理体系的深远影响。测量结果的延续一致保障了新定义不会对产业人士、大部分科研人员以及普通用户造成影响。最后,在国际单位制新定义的背景下,对温度重新定义的影响以及我国计量研究发展提出策略思考与建议。
The international system of units is the cornerstone of the international measurement system and the yardstick of defining the world by human beings.The origin,function and evolvement of the international system of units are described,the redefinition of "meter" and "second" by the international metrology conferences since 1960 are reviewed,and the quantization definition based on physical constants adopted by the 26 th International Metrology Conference held in 2018 by the basic units such as "kilogram","Kelvin","ampere" and "mole" are expounded and compared with the traditional definition.The reasons for quantization of basic units are analyzed,the defects and shortcomings of physical definition are given,and the significance of the new definition of international system of units is expounded.The new definition of international system of units far-reaching impact on industry,measurement pattern and management system is analyzed.The continuation of measurement results ensures that the new definition will not affect the industry,most scientific researchers and ordinary users.Finally,under the background of the new definition of the international system of units,some strategic considerations and suggestions on the influence of the redefinition of temperature and the development of metrological research in China are put forward.
作者
段宇宁
吴金杰
DUAN Yuning;WU Jinjie(National Institute of Metrology,Beijing 100029,China)
出处
《自动化仪表》
CAS
2019年第4期1-4,共4页
Process Automation Instrumentation
关键词
国际单位制
计量
量子化定义
测量精度
溯源
International system of units(SI)
Metrology
Quantization definition
Measurement precision
Traceability
