摘要
本文尝试提出一种企业层面生产率的结构估计方法 ,同时考虑企业投入和产出两方面的异质性。该方法采用(价格)指数调整投入质量差异,运用根据企业产出质量选择和销售决策构建的方程控制纵向、横向产出异质,不需要使用详细的产品产量、质量特征和企业层面价格的数据。使用1998—2013年中国工业企业数据对制造业10个大类行业的分析表明,该方法得到的生产函数参数估计和生产率分布比较满意,溢价估计也处于合理的区间。估计的企业生产率近似于对数正态分布。这些分布也提供了中国制造业企业的生产率变动趋势的证据。总体上看,样本期内企业生产率明显改善,不过在样本期末端企业生产率却呈全面下滑趋势。生产率分解分析表明,资源配置效率的影响存在较大的行业异质性,造纸印刷、化学医药、金属制造、机械设备等行业配置效率改善平均贡献的生产率增长超过3个百分点,而食品饮料、非金属、运输设备、电气电子等行业资源配置反而拖累了生产率的增长。诸如出口、进入、退出等类型企业的生产率特征也同样呈显出行业异质性。
We develop a structure model to estimate firm-level productivity when input and output are both heterogeneous. We use input prices indexes to control input quality, use firm’s rational decision on output’s quality and quantity to control vertical output heterogeneity. This method does not need detail information on output quality and quantity. We use 1998-2013 ACIP (Annual Census of Industrial Production) data on Chinese 10 manufacturing industries to test this method. The results show that both the estimation of production function parameters and the distribution of productivity are rather satisfactory, the estimation of markup is also reasonable. The estimated productivity follows log normal distribution. The analysis also provides information on the productivity trend of Chinese manufacturing. As a whole, China’s manufacturing indeed has enjoyed huge productivity growthduring 1998-2013, but recently it goes down obviously. Decomposition practice shows that resource allocation efficiency takes on obvious industrial heterogeneity. In some industries the improvement of allocation efficiency contributes substantially on productivity growth. The effects of factors such as export, industry dynamics on productivity are also industrial heterogeneous.
作者
尹恒
杨龙见
YIN Heng;YANG Long-jian(National Academy of Development and Strategy,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;School of Public Finance and Tax,Central University of Finance and Economics,Beijing 100871,China)
出处
《中国工业经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第4期23-41,共19页
China Industrial Economics
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目"结构经验方法在宏观领域的应用--以资源配置效率和产能利用分析为例"(批准号71673305)
国家自然科学基金面上项目"异质企业环境下税收的超额负担研究"(批准号71873132)
国家自然科学基金青年项目"产业政策对我国制造业僵尸企业的影响研究"(批准号71603303)
关键词
企业生产率
结构估计
投入产出
企业异质性
firm-level productivity
structure estimation
input-output
firm heterogeneity
