摘要
基于遂宁水土保持试验站1989—2016年次降雨数据,划分出Ⅰ(小雨强长历时)、Ⅱ(中雨强长历时)、Ⅲ(中雨强中历时)、Ⅳ(大雨强短历时)4种雨型,依据耕种模式划分出4个时段,分析坡耕地产流产沙规律。结果表明:(1)1991—1992年,等高沟垄两端加档方式保水保土作用最佳,且在各雨型间差异不显著(P>0.05),斜坡沟垄随角度增加保土保水作用逐渐减弱。(2)2004—2005年,农耕地顺坡垄作的产沙量为横坡垄作的10～20倍,而产流量为横坡垄作的1～3倍,说明横坡垄作减沙效应优于减流效应,且种植黄花较种植玉米水土保持作用更强。(3)2006—2008年,农耕地栽植新银合欢植物篱初期地表扰动大,产流产沙量较对照小区大;各小区产流量在不同雨型间差异不显著(P>0.05);Ⅱ雨型下横坡红苕/玉米—小麦小区产沙量显著大于其余雨型(P<0.05),为其余雨型的4.4～26.7倍。(4)2013—2016年,植物篱已定植3年,植物篱小区水土保持效果均优于对照小区,减沙效应优于减流效应,且香根草植物篱水土保持效果整体优于新银合欢植物篱,Ⅲ雨型下各小区产沙量呈极显著差异(P<0.01)。整体来看,等高沟垄耕作两端加档方式最佳,利于农耕地保土蓄水;植物篱减沙效果明显,但定植初期产沙量增加,且存在占用农田和影响机耕等问题,故应结合实际选择适宜的耕种方式。
Based on the rainfall data from 1989 to 2016 in Suining Soil and Water Conservation Experimental Station,four rainfall patterns were classified,which were rainfall pattern Ⅰ(long duration and light rainfall intensity),rainfall pattern Ⅱ(long duration and moderate rainfall intensity),rainfall pattern Ⅲ(short duration and moderate rainfall intensity) and rainfall pattern IV (short duration and heavy rainfall intensity).Meanwhile,four periods were selected according to the tillage patterns to analyze the yield law of runoff and sediment on sloping farmland.The results showed that:(1) During 1991-1992,contour ridge and furrow treatment closed at both ends was the best pattern to preserve soil and water,and there was no significant difference among the rainfall patterns (P >0.05).The effect of slope furrow ridge treatment on soil and water conservation decreased with the increasing of the angle between ridge and furrow.(2) During 2004-2005,sediment yield of sloping ridge plots was 10~20 times that of cross ridge plots,while runoff yield was 1~3 times,which indicated that the reducing sediment effect of the cross ridge was better than its reducing runoff effect,and the soil and water conservation effect of planting Hemerocallis citrine Baroni was better than that of planting Zea mays.(3) During 2006-2008,planting hedgerow of Leucaena leucocephala disturbed the surface soil of the farmland at the initial stage,therefore the runoff and sediment yields of hedgerow plots were larger than that of the control plots,and there was no significant difference in runoff yield among different rainfall patterns(P >0.05).The sediment yield of Z.mays / Ipomoea batatas and Triticumaestivum plot on the cross slope under rain pattern Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of other rain patterns (P <0.05),which was 4.4~26.7 times that of other rain patterns.(4) During 2013-2016,the hedgerow had been colonized for three years,the soil and water conservation effect of hedgerow plots were better than that of control plots,and the sedim
作者
任雨之
郑江坤
付滟
王文武
曾倩婷
向明辉
陈鑫
ZENG Qianting;XIANG Minghui;CHEN Xin;WANG Wenwu;ZENG Qianting;XIANG Minghui;CHEN Xin(University Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating,College of Forestry,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130;Suining Soil and Water Conservation Experimental Station,Suining,Sichuan 629006)
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第2期30-38,共9页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2012M511938)
国家自然科学基金项目(41601028)
水利部公益性行业科研专项(201501045)
四川省高校"水土保持与荒漠化防治重点实验室"建设项目
关键词
紫色土
耕种模式
雨强
产沙量
径流系数
purple soil
tillage patterns
rainfall intensity
sediment yield
runoff coefficient
