摘要
能源安全是大国安全和大国竞争的重要组成部分,不同国家对"能源安全"的定义存在不同的理解。美国政界与学界关于能源安全都强调美国利益和美国霸权,确保石油美元机制的稳定运行。而中国能源安全战略以"四个革命、一个合作"为核心,坚持总体国家安全观和"创新、绿色、协调、开放、共享"的新发展理念,强调对本国需求的满足和安全的保障能力,面向世界构建安全共同体。中美同为能源生产与消费大国,中国深度依赖煤炭,美国倾向于石油和天然气。整体上中美的常规能源储量存在客观差距,未来中国的常规能源储量不容乐观。近年来美国国内石油生产能力正在迅速提升,一次能源消费处于小幅波动、总体趋稳的状态;而中国在2008年首次超过美国成为世界第一大一次能源消费国,且中美差距呈扩大化趋势。美国能源结构转型的压力明显低于中国,中国的能源结构调整更为紧迫、形势更为严峻。中美都高度重视且都在切实发展可再生能源,可以预见,中美在未来能源革命竞争中,重点在于可再生能源技术开发和能源网络布局。中国与美国的能源合作需要超越资源性合作,走向综合技术研发合作。中美需要将能源与全球气候、环境合作紧密结合,共同引领世界能源合作与能源治理。
Energy security is an important part of the security and competition among big countries,and different countries have different understandings of the definition of energy security.Both the US political and academic circles emphasize US interests and US hegemony in energy security to ensure the stable operation of petrodollar mechanism.China’s energy security strategy is centered on ‘four revolutions and one cooperation’,adheres to a holistic view of national security and the new development concept of ‘ innovation, green,coordination,openness and sharing’,and emphasizes the satisfaction of domestic needs and the ability to ensure security,so as to build a security community for the world.Both China and the US are big energy producers and consumers.China is deeply dependent on coal,while the US is dependent on oil and natural gas.Objectively there is a gap between China and the US on the whole in terms of conventional energy reserves,and China′s conventional energy reserves are not optimistic in the future.In recent years,the domestic oil production capacity of the US has rapidly increased,and its primary energy consumption has been generally stable with minor fluctuations.China surpassed the US for the first time in 2008 to become the world’s largest primary energy consumer,and the gap between China and the US is expanding.The pressure of energy structure transformation of the US is remarkably lower than that of China,and China′s energy structure adjustment is more urgent and the situation is more serious.Attaching great importance to the development of renewable energy,both China and the US are earnestly developing renewable energy.It is foreseeable that the technology development and network layout of renewable energy will become the competitive high ground for the Sino-US energy revolution in the future.Energy cooperation between China and the US needs to go beyond re-source cooperation and move towards integrated technology research and development cooperation.China and the US should closely i
作者
袁益
舒展
Yuan Yi;Shu Zhan(College of Marxism,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou Fujian 350100)
出处
《中外能源》
CAS
2019年第2期1-14,共14页
Sino-Global Energy
关键词
能源安全
中国
美国
石油美元
安全共同体
能源结构调整
可再生能源
energy security
China
the United States
petrodollar
security community
energy structure adjustment
renewable energy
