摘要
土壤磷素存量大,但其中约95%不能被植物直接吸收利用,土壤中磷素供给不足常常是制约作物生长发育的重要原因之一。活化土壤中的难溶性磷、增强土壤有效磷的供给能力,一直是人们关注的重要问题,并对农业可持续性发展具有重要意义。土壤溶磷微生物(phosphate solubilizing microorganisms, PSMs)是土壤磷循环中的重要一员,能够通过酸解作用、酶解作用等将无效磷转化为有效磷供植物吸收,从而促进植物生长发育。通过PSMs改善土壤磷素营养是一项有利于资源节约、环境友好的重要农业措施,其应用前景十分广阔。因此,深入了解PSMs溶磷、解磷机制对于提高土壤磷素利用效率和提高作物产量具有十分重要的作用。本文对土壤溶磷微生物的种类、无机矿物磷溶解途径以及溶磷微生物依靠酶解作用对有机磷的矿化等方面进行了综述,并对该领域的研究发展方向进行了展望。
Phosphorus storage in soil is large,but about 95% of them cannot be directly absorbed by plants.Insufficient supply of phosphorus in soil is often one of the important reasons that restrict crop growth and development.It is always an important issue to activate the insoluble phosphorus and enhance the supply of available phosphorus in the soil,which is of great significance for the sustainable development of agriculture.Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms(PSMs)are important members of the soil phosphorus cycle.They can convert the ineffective phosphorus into an effective form for plant absorption through acid and enzymatic hydrolysis,and promote plant growth and development.Improving soil phosphorus nutrition through PSMs is an important agricultural measure and has a broad application prospect in resource conservation and environmental protection.An in-depth understanding of the phosphorus solubilization and dissolution mechanisms of PSMs would improve the efficiency of soil phosphorus utilization and increase crop yield.Herein,the types of PSMs in soil,the dissolution pathways of inorganic phosphorus,and the mineralization of organic phosphorus by enzymatic hydrolysis were reviewed,and the research prospect in this field was also discussed.
作者
秦利均
杨永柱
杨星勇
QIN Li-jun;YANG Yong-zhu;YANG Xing-yong(College of Life Sciences,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing 401331,China;Agricultural Committee of Chongqing Jiulongpo,Chongqing 401331,China)
出处
《生命科学研究》
CAS
CSCD
2019年第1期59-64,86,共7页
Life Science Research
基金
国家重点基础研究发展计划资助项目(2014CB138701)
重庆市基础科学与前沿技术研究重点项目(cstc2017jcyjBX0078)
关键词
溶磷微生物(PSMs)
溶磷机制
解磷机制
有机磷
无机磷
phosphate solubilizing microorganisms(PSMs)
phosphorus solubilization mechanism
phosphorus dissolution mechanism
organic phosphorus
inorganic phosphorus
