摘要
数字贸易作为一种新贸易模式,地位日趋重要,然而当前针对数字贸易的国际和国内规则呈现的仍然是差异化和碎片化的治理结构。由于数字贸易本身的"非物理化"特征,使该贸易模式蕴藏着新型风险。一方面,数字贸易涉及危害国家安全、消费者隐私泄露、网络洗钱等"原生风险";另一方面,针对以上"原生风险",国家基于网络安全、公共道德例外等实施新的规制措施,但却受缚于传统贸易下的国际法承诺,因此规制措施可能被判违反国际规则,由此形成规制的"次生风险"。关键还在于,当前WTO主要成员数字贸易规制理念和路径呈"三足鼎立"之势,对新规则制定的话语权争夺激烈,这进一步加剧潜在争端的可能。全球数字贸易良性发展更寄希望于各方化解分歧、实现双边、区域和多边的规制合作。中国政府和企业积极参与数字贸易国际规则的协调与合作,有利于中国数字经济的发展,并为其互联网法律治理提供更大的弹性空间、降低数字贸易中的国家规制风险。
The digital trade as a new trade model is becoming more and more significant,however,the international and domestic rules that regulate the digital trade are obviously insufficient,and the governance structure of the digital trade also remains complex,differentiated and fragmented.The"non-physical"feature of it makes this trade pattern riskier.On the one hand,the"primary risks"involve national security,consumer protection,money laundering and even cyber-terrorism.On the other hand,some countries that intend to regulate these risks based on network security and public morality are often bound by the earlier market access commitments,and their domestic measures will be judged inconsistently with the WTO rules and their commitments,which will finally result in new"secondary risk".The key remaining issue is that the current domestic regulatory rules and practice among key members in digital trade are divergent,which will increase the disputes and need to be harmonized by the bilateral,regional and multilateral cooperation.Undoubtedly,the digital rules will become a major concern of the countries in the 21st century,and China has to actively participate in the rule-making of global digital trade,which is not only beneficial to providing the digital trade governance with more space,but also to reducing the national regulatory risks.
出处
《比较法研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第1期172-186,共15页
Journal of Comparative Law
基金
笔者主持的国家社科基金(14CFX05)
司法部(16SFB3044)
上海市社科规划课题(2013EFX005)
中央高校基本科研课题(WN1522011)的阶段性成果
关键词
风险二重性
数字贸易
规制合作
dualism of risks
digital trade
regulatory cooperation
