摘要
只有在生产过程中发生地位(生产关系)的变化,才会实现生产者权力与利益的变化。同样在国际层面,国家只有在国际分工体系中提升地位,才能实现其在世界经济政治中地位的变化。科学技术作为第一生产力是这种变革的最重要动力。由于新技术产业具有国际分工再组织的作用,目前在国际分工生产体系占据优势地位的发达国家不断强化对知识产权的保护,维护对核心技术的垄断,这既是维护既定国际分工体系的需要,更是维护既定国际利益分配和国际关系权力格局的需要。中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会提出新时代的总任务是实现现代化强国梦,完成中华民族的伟大复兴,其中一个重要的物质基础就是中国必须在国际分工体系中实现从中低端向高端的转型升级。在这一过程中,中国必然会遭遇来自传统上引领国际分工的发达国家的阻挠。这就是近来中国与美国高技术产业贸易纷争的最深刻的背景。只有从国际分工和国际生产关系的角度来审视中美围绕高技术产业政策的贸易纷争,才能洞察其背后的根本原因,发现其对中国发展的重要意义。
One focus of current Sino-American quarrel over trade is concerned with high-tech sector.Rising of China in high-tech sector is accused by America of benefitting from the industrial policies of China's government and theft of American firm's intellectual property right(IPR),which becomes unfair trade between China and the United States.Correspondingly,the U.S.has also taken some measures to block out China's high-tech products,such as 5G,home and abroad.The paper,against the background,explores why America is worried about the China's challenge in high-tech sector and what it means to America and China in future.Based upon Schumpeter's theory of economic development and Marx's theory of organic composition of capital,the authors point out that high-tech sector is one of origins of innovation which may trigger the change in a country's position of international labor of division,and resultant change in the distribution of the world economy and power structure.The development of high-tech sector needs heavy investment,which naturally forms high organic composition of capital.As a result,high-tech firms require scale of economy and strict regime of IPR to guarantee the profit rate and rent.By the investigation of history,the authors find that developments of western countries in high-tech obtained government's support in money and policy without exception,for market mechanism does not apply to the development of high-tech sector.Consequently,the paper's conclusion is that the U.S.block of China's rise in high-tech is for both political and economic purposes:politically holding back China's challenge to American hegemony and economically protecting economic gains of America.The America's practice to China's rising in high-tech sector hampers the realization of Chinese dream that makes China one of the strongest powers in the world,inhibiting China's going up from low to top position in internationally hierarchical labor of division.
作者
李滨
陈怡
Li Bin;Chen Yi(School of Politics and International Relations,Tongji University;Nanjing University)
出处
《世界经济与政治》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第3期135-154,160,共21页
World Economics and Politics
