摘要
石油炼化过程中产出的含油污水含油量高、油含量波动性大,给污水处理过程带来很大压力。其中,最难处理的含油污水是油粒直径小于10微米的乳化油,能否有效去除乳化油是出水水质能否达标的关键因素。膜技术是处理含乳化油污水的有效分离方法。其中,通过静电纺丝制备的纳米纤维复合膜,由于其表面化学官能团、表面物理形貌的可控性,在含乳化油污水处理方面获得了广泛的关注。本文首先阐述了油水分离膜的现状,然后介绍了静电纺丝的机理以及国内外通过静电纺丝的方法制备的油水分离膜的现状及进展,最后指出在油水分离过程中,由于大量表面活性剂及乳化油对膜造成的膜污染,是膜法处理含油污水的实际应用中亟待解决的问题,并展望了静电纺丝油水分离膜在处理含乳化油污水方面的发展方向。
Extensive activities in petrochemical industries have produced increasing amounts of oily wastewater,which contain high and varied contents of oils.These oily wastewater from oil refinery not only cause adverse impacts on ecosystem and human health,also waste crude oil.The oil/water mixtures can present in multiple forms,in which the most challenging issue is to separate surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions with oil droplets size down to 10?m.Membrane separation technologies are efficient to handle these oil-in-water emulsions.Due to the controllable chemical groups and surface topologies on the membranes surfaces,the nanofibrous membranes developed by electrospinning have been widely applied in treatment of oil-in-water emulsions.In this paper,we introduced the current challenges of oil-in-water emulsions treatment,elaborated the electrospinning principles,described the state-of-art of fabrication and applications of oil/water separation membranes,and finally illustrated the critical issues of oil/water separation by membrane technologies.The significant decline of membrane permeability due to membrane fouling by surfactants and surfactant-stabilized oil droplets during oil/water separation is the main challenge impeding large-scaled membrane applications.In the end,this paper briefly discussed the future optimization of electrospun membranes for oil/water separations.
作者
谭海涛
刘铭辉
刘涛
廖园
TAN Hai-tao;LIU Ming-hui;LIU Tao;LIAO Yuan(China National Offshore Oil Corporation,Beijing 100010,China;CNOOC EnerTech Beijing Research Institute of Engineering and Technology for Safetyand Environmental Protection,Tianjin 300457,China;China Offshore Environmental Services Ltd.,Tianjin 300457,China;CNOOC Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Service Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin 300457,China;Nankai University,College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tianjin 300350,China;Sino-Canadian Joint R&D Centre for Water and Environmental Safety,Tianjin 300457,China)
出处
《黑龙江科学》
2019年第4期1-4,7,共5页
Heilongjiang Science
基金
天津市自然科学基金(18JCYBJC41900)
关键词
静电纺丝
纳米纤维膜
膜污染
油水分离
乳化油
Electrospinning
Nanofibrous membrane
Membrane fouling
Oil/water separation
Oil-in-water emulsion
