摘要
本研究构建都市农业生态可持续发展评价体系,形成涵盖农业资源集约程度、农业废弃物综合利用率、以及农业节能降耗水平等3个维度的一级指标,筛选出农药施用强度、化肥施用强度、种植业废弃物综合利用率、畜禽养殖废弃物综合利用率、以及单位能耗创造的农林牧渔增加值等5项二级指标。基于评价模型,本研究运用极值法和离差法测算了2016年35个大中城市都市农业生态可持续发展的综合评价指数,并对各城市的分类评价情况加以比较,对都市农业实现绿色发展提出四项政策建议。研究结果表明:(1)大中城市粮食与蔬菜年秸秆量与畜禽粪便年排放量均占全国比重10%左右;(2)大中城市秸杆综合利用率、畜禽养殖粪污资源化利用率分别比全国平均水平高3.83%和16.16%;(3)我国2016年都市农业生态可持续综合指数为52,贵阳、西安、哈尔滨名列前茅,而上海、北京等城市排名较低;(4)大中城市农业废弃物综合利用率总体较高,但农业资源集约度不高,特别是化肥施用量强度约为全国平均水平的两倍,且西宁、长春和银川等城市的农业节能降耗水平尚需提升。
This research builds an evaluation system on urban agro-ecological sustainability,a-three-dimension evaluation system including agricultural resource intensity,comprehensive utilization rate of agricultural wastes,as well as agricultural energy saving and consumption reduction level,which covers five sub-indicators such as intensities of application of chemical pesticides and fertilizer,comprehensive utilization rates of agricultural wastes in both farming and breeding,and the added value in agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery created by per unit energy consumption.This study takes a series of methods such as an extremum and deviation method to calculate the comprehensive level of urban agro-ecological sustainable development based on the evaluation model,to compare each classified indicator in 35 large and medium-sized cities in 2016,and finally to give four policy recommendations on urban agro-ecological improvements in China.The results indicate that:(1)The annual amount of both the straw from grain or vegetable,and the livestock and poultry excrement in Chinese large and medium-sized cities account for about 10%of the national level;(2)The comprehensive utilization rate of straw and the resource utilization rate of livestock and poultry manure in large and medium-sized cities are 3.83%and 16.16%higher than the national average level,respectively;(3)The level of Chinese comprehensive index of urban agro-ecological sustainability in 2016 was 52,in which Guiyang,xi’an and Harbin locate at the top of the list,while Shanghai and Beijing rank by the back.(4)The comprehensive utilization rates of agricultural waste in large and medium-sized cities are generally high,but the agricultural resource intensity need to be improved,especially the intensity of fertilizer application in the 35 cities is about twice as the national average level,in addition,the agricultural energy saving and consumption reduction levels in Xining,Changchun and Yinchuan are still need to be improved.
作者
曹正伟
周培
高岩
李强
刘春燕
徐浩
CAO Zheng-wei;ZHOU Pei;GAO Yan;LI Qiang;LIU Chun-yan;XU Hao(Shanghai Food Security Engineering Technology Research Center,Shanghai 200240,China)
出处
《上海交通大学学报（农业科学版）》
2019年第1期19-24,30,共7页
Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University(Agricultural Science)
基金
国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0801106)
上海市浦江人才计划项目(16Z2022010010)
上海市哲学社会科学规划项目(17Z2017030008)
上海市农业农村委员会项目(2018-043)
关键词
都市农业
生态可持续发展
评价体系
urban agriculture
ecological sustainable development
evaluation system
