摘要
近年来,中国适度规模经营取得显著成效,但由于农田基础设施建设、农民培训以及要素市场化改革等滞后于适度规模经营发展进程,由小规模农户短期内数倍扩张土地规模而成的规模经营农户可能仍然遵循着从事小规模生产的理念与方式。成本效率水平能够综合反映具有特定管理能力的农户在特定的地形、地貌、基础设施条件下,在特定的要素市场上的农业经营成效。本文基于江苏省稻农2015年和2016年成本收益微观面板数据,分别从成本效率、技术效率、配置效率三个视角分析经营规模与效率水平不匹配对农户生产成本的影响。两阶段最小二乘回归结果显示,配置效率和成本效率相对较低的小规模农户在短期内从事更大规模经营时,由于效率水平与经营规模不匹配导致平均生产成本随规模扩张而下降的幅度降低,这将影响通过扩大规模降低成本、提升国际竞争力的预期效果。规模成本弹性结果显示,样本所处阶段的成本最小化规模大约在100～150亩之间。本文据此给出了相应的政策启示。
In recent years,the farm size of operation units has increased a lot in China.However,due to the inadequate development in farmer training,farmland infrastructure and market-oriented reform for input factor,large-scale farmers,which are grown from small-scale farmers rapidly,may operate their farms by using their past and less efficient methods and experiences.Cost efficiency can comprehensively demonstrate the performance of one farmer with specific managerial ability operating at the specific condition of farmland infrastructure and the corresponding inputs market.Based on the micro panel data collected in 2015 and 2016 in Jiangsu Province,this study mainly investigates the impact of farm size mismatching with efficiency on rice production costs from the perspective of cost,technical and allocative inefficiency.A two-stage instrument estimator indicates that the operation of a larger farm by a small-scale farmer with lower allocative efficiency and cost efficiency will lead to a more slightly reduction in production cost as farm size increases.This may suppress the effects of economies of scale.The empirical results also show that the farm size for cost minimization in the sample is between 100 and 150 mu.The study concludes with some policy implications.
作者
张晓恒
周应恒
Zhang Xiaoheng;Zhou Yingheng
出处
《中国农村经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第2期81-97,共17页
Chinese Rural Economy
基金
国家社科基金重大项目"加快构建新型农业经营体系研究"(项目编号:14ZDA037)
国家自然科学基金重点项目"新时期农业发展的国家政策支持体系研究"(项目编号:71333008)
中央高校基本科研业务专项基金"经营规模结构变化与粮食生产成本研究"(项目编号:2662018QD008)的资助
关键词
经营规模
技术效率
配置效率
成本效率
水稻生产成本
Farm Size
Technical Efficiency
Allocative Efficiency
Cost Efficiency
Rice Production Cost
