摘要
两高关于网络诽谤的司法解释在规范网络环境下诽谤认定方面效果有限,主要原因在于对诽谤罪主观要素的认定标准几无规定。然而受制于传统争议延续和网络诽谤新形式,网络环境下诽谤罪主观要素的认定面临比客观要素认定更深入和复杂的境况,需根据网络时代名誉权倾斜保护需要明确主观要素认定标准。在故意认知要素方面,根据网络诽谤以散布为核心和陌生化、全域化的特点,明确对行为性质的认知以单一散布认识为标准、对行为对象的认知需排除真实合理确信、对行为后果的认知需识别特定对象名誉的不应有贬损。在故意意志要素方面,传统诽谤限于直接故意的条件在网络环境下消亡,出现大量放任因素的存在空间,因此需承认间接故意的主要地位。网络环境下诽谤罪主观标准出现适当扩张,这与网络名誉权亟待保护的价值取向紧密联系,但由于构成要件过滤机能的完善并不会造成诽谤罪犯罪圈的过度扩张。
The judicial interpretation of the Internet defamation has limited effect on the application of defamation on internet.The main reason is that there are few regulations on the criteria for determining the subjective elements of defamation.However,subject to the continuation of traditional disputes and the new forms of Internet defamation,the subjective elements of defamation in cyberspace face a deeper and more complex situation than the identification of objective factors,which means that it is necessary to clarify the criteria for subjective elements based on the protection of rights of reputation in the Internet era.In terms of cognitive elements of intention,according to the characteristics of the spread as the core,unfamiliarity and globalization of internet defamation,the cognition of the nature of the behavior should be based on a single dissemination of knowledge as a criterion,and the cognition of the behavioral objects must be excluding the true and reasonable beliefs,and the cognition of behavioral consequences needs to identify the inappropriate defamation of a particular object's reputation.In the aspect of will elements of intention,the traditional limitation of direct intention does not only exist on internet,and thus there are plenty of room for indifference factors.Therefore,it is necessary to recognize the main position of indirect intention.The subjective standard of defamation in the cyber environment appears to be properly expanded.This is closely linked to the value orientation of the rights of reputation in urgent need of protection.However,due to the perfection of the composition elements’filtering function,it will not cause excessive expansion of defamation application.
出处
《暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第2期27-38,共12页
Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
基金
国家社科基金一般项目"我国网络言论自由法律机制与宪法第35条解释适用问题研究"(批准号:16BFX041)
关键词
网络诽谤
诽谤罪
主观要素
故意认知
间接故意
Internet defamation
defamation crime
subjective factors
cognition of intention
indirect intention
