摘要
尼采于19世纪80年代提出的"末人"和"超人"概念经常遭受误解,例如关于"超人"概念,常有来自法西斯主义和生物主义的曲解。时隔近一个半世纪,人类的末日感和未来之忧愈加炽烈,我们理当在新的形势下追问:谁是"末人"?"末人"是我们吗?谁是"超人"?"超人"是"未来人"吗?本文试图对尼采的"超人"概念做一个未来哲学或技术哲学的重新定位,目标在于朝向未来的人类文明之思。本文认为,任何关于"超人"概念的区域科学式理解都是不当的或者不够的;尼采的"超人"概念应与他的"上帝死了"命题相联系,更应与他的"权力意志"学说(关于人和生命之本质的重新规定),特别是与在"相同者的永恒轮回"学说中蕴含的"圆性时间"观相关联;尼采的"末人"是对进入技术工业的自然人类之本质的规定,"超人"则是关于未来新人的天才般的想象和预感,两者之间纠缠着自然与技术的二重性运动。而无论如何,今天我们不得不接着尼采思考人类的位置和命运,人类的自然性和技术性,以及自然人类向技术人类的过渡。
Nietzsche's concepts of the"last man"and the"overman"from the 1880s are often misunderstood,especially the concept of"overman,"which has often been misinterpreted as in fascism and biologism.After nearly a century and a half,the situation has changed dramatically,and the general sense of impending doom and worries about the future of humanity have become more and more intense.We should ask ourselves in this new situation:Who is the"last man"?Is"last man"us?Who is the overman?Is the overman the future man?This paper attempts to reposition Nietzsche's concept of the"overman"according to future philosophy or philosophy of technology,with the aim of thinking human civilization towards the future.This paper holds that any domain-specific understanding of the concept of"overman"is inappropriate or inadequate;Nietzsche's concept of"overman"should be related to his proposition that"God is dead,"even more so to his theory of the"will to power"(the redefinition of the essence of human and life),and especially to the concept of"circular time"contained in his theory of the"eternal return of the same."Nietzsche's"last man"is a redefinition of the nature of the human being entering the realm of technological industry,and his"overman"is an ingenious imagination of and presentiment about future man,entangling the dual movement of nature and technology.Nevertheless,today we have to continue Nietzsche's thinking about the position and destiny of humanity,the naturalness and technology of humanity,and the transition from natural humanity to technological humanity.
出处
《哲学研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第2期107-117,127,共12页
Philosophical Research
