摘要
为探究山区油菜稀植栽培的推广价值,在湖北省西南部的恩施州设计实验,以甘蓝型油菜品种中油杂12和阳光2009为材料,比较了油菜稀植移栽(D1,1. 2万株/hm^2)和常规移栽(D2,12万株/hm^2)、密植直播(D2,37. 5万株/hm^2)三种不同种植方式对产量及经济效益的影响。结果表明,D1处理显著提高有效分枝数的数量,提高了株高,增加了茎粗,这些因素构成了产量提高的生物学基础。产量构成因素以单株角果数差异最为显著,D1单株角果数在3 000个以上,而D2为250～285个,D3为130～150个,同时,D1产量分别比D2、D3提高31. 27%、26. 63%,平均产量在3 000 kg/hm^2以上。试验结果还表明,D1所需人工投入较少,分别比D2、D3降低39. 5工/hm^2、42. 5工/hm^2,从而使经济效益分别增加7 543. 55元/hm^2、5 535. 73元/hm^2,可显著提高投入产出比。因此,在湖北省的山区条件下,稀植移栽可降低生产成本,提高经济效益。
To explore the popularization value of sparse transplanting of rapeseed in mountain area of Enshi,Hubei Province,effects of 3 different planting methods on yield and economic benefits were studied using two rapeseed cultivars of Zhongyouza 12 and Yangguang 2009.The 3 planting methods were sparse-transplanting (D1,1.2×10^4plants/hm^2),conventional transplanting (D2,12×10^4plants/hm^2) and condensed planting (D3,37.5×10^4 plants/hm^2).Results showed that D1 treatment significantly increased the number of effective branches,plant height and stem diameter.These factors constituted a biological basis for high yield.Among the yield components,plant pod number showed the most significant difference.In D1,it was more than 3000,250-285 in D2,and 130-150 in D3.The yield in D1 was 31.27% and 26.63% higher than those of D2 and D3 respectively.The average yield in D1 was above 3000 kg/hm^2.Results also showed that the labor cost of D1 was 39.5/hm^2 and 42.5/hm^2 less than those of D2 and D3 respectively.Therefore the economic benefits increased by 7543.55 yuan/hm^2 and 5535.73 yuan/hm^2 respectively.D1 treatment significantly increased the input-output ratio.It suggested that sparse-transplanting reduced production costs and increased economic benefits in mountain area.
作者
赵运成
杨雪
李必钦
陈畅
李俊
马霓
张春雷
ZHAO Yun-cheng;YANG Xue;LI Bi-qin;CHEN Chang;LI Jun;MA Ni;ZHANG Chun-lei(Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science/Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology,Ministry of Agriculture,Wuhan 430062,China;Enshi Academy of Agricultural Science Research Institute,Enshi 445002,China)
出处
《中国油料作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第1期40-45,100,共7页
Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences
基金
长江中下游油稻两熟区资源优化配置与丰产高效种植模式(2016YFD0300207-02)
国家油菜产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-13)
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(31501247)
关键词
油菜
稀植
产量
经济效益
rapeseed
sparse-transplanting
yield
economic benefits
