摘要
浊点萃取(cloud point extraction, CPE)是一种安全环保同时兼具高富集系数和低成本的萃取方法,在分析化学中已经被广泛应用于金属离子分析等领域。锕系和镧系金属元素存在环境复杂,自身浓度相对较低,对其进行分离和分析一直是放射化学研究者所关注的问题。经过条件优化,CPE能够有选择性地分离和富集锕系和镧系金属元素。通过与多种技术联用,CPE能实现锕系和镧系元素的高灵敏度分析。本文在介绍浊点萃取机理的基础上,着重描述了不同萃取体系中各类萃取剂(β-二酮类、膦氧类、含氮类、含硫类)对于锕系和镧系元素的萃取效果,全面总结了其中使用的不同联用技术,同时简述了通过构筑超分子识别位点,修饰配体,使用不同表面活性剂及掩蔽剂等改良现有浊点萃取体系的尝试。最后,对浊点萃取在放射化学领域的应用进行了总结和展望。
Cloud point extraction(CPE) is an extraction method with high concentration coefficient, low cost and safety, which has been widely used in analytical chemistry for metal ion analyses. As the sample composition of actinides and lanthanides is usually complicated and their concentrations are very low, their separation and analyses have become a significant issue in the field of radiochemistry. After optimization of extraction conditions, CPE can selectively separate and concentrate actinides and lanthanides. Combining with various technologies, CPE can achieve high sensitivity in analyses of actinides and lanthanides. Based on the CPE mechanism, we put an emphasis on the effects of different extractants ( e.g.,β- diketone, phosphine oxide, nitrogen and sulfur containing extractants) on actinides and lanthanides in various extraction systems. We also summarize the coupling techniques in CPE and describe attempts on constructing supramolecular recognition sites, altering ligands, using diverse surfactants and masking agents to improve the existing CPE systems. Besides, the perspectives of cloud point extraction in the field of radiochemistry are presented.
作者
冯汕城
郏丽配
陈庆德
沈兴海
FENG Shan-cheng;JIA Li-pei;CHEN Qing-de;SHEN Xing-hai(Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Fundamental Science on Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China)
出处
《核化学与放射化学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第1期13-26,I0003,共15页
Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemistry
基金
科学挑战计划项目(No.TZ2016004)
国家自然科学基金项目(No.U1830202)
关键词
浊点萃取
锕系
镧系
分离分析
cloud point extraction
actinides
lanthanides
separation and analysis
