摘要
针对非汛期河道生态基流保障引起的农业灌溉用水短缺问题,定量计算其对灌区农业造成的直接经济损失和间接社会影响,并从补偿主客体、补偿额度与补偿标准、补偿方式等方面进行探讨,从而构建相应的生态补偿机制。以保障渭河干流宝鸡段河道生态基流进行实例研究,结果表明:基于生态基流保障的灌区农业损失(农业生产损失、社会保障影响和社会稳定影响)可以作为不同生态基流调控值下的生态补偿额度;渭河干流宝鸡段河道生态基流保障补偿的主体为陕西省政府、宝鸡市和咸阳市政府,客体为灌区受损农户;基于灌区农业总损失的补偿标准在3.93～9.94元·m^(-3)之间;提出资金补偿、政策补偿和项目补偿三种补偿方式,具体实践中可以通过建立农业生态补偿资金、给予农业优惠政策、加大农田水利设施建设等方式来实施,以促进灌区农业的可持续发展。
Due to the shortage of water for agricultural irrigation in non-flood seasons caused by river flow protection for basic ecological demand, we quantitatively studied the direct economic losses and indirect social impacts on agricultural production in the irrigation district, and also investigated responsible body, object, quota,standard, and means of the compensation in order to establish rational ecological compensation mechanism. The Baoji section of the Weihe river was taken as an example. The results showed that the agricultural losses including agricultural production losses and social security and stability impacts in the irrigation district due to the ecological basic flow protection can be considered as an ecological compensation. The main body for providing compensation were Shaanxi provincial government, Baoji and Xianyang municipal governments. The receivers of the compensation were farmers impacted in the irrigation district. The compensation standard based on the total losses of irrigation district was between 3.93 and 9.94 yuan·m -3 water. In order to promote the sustainable development in the irrigation district, three types of compensation methods, cash compensation, policy compensation, and project compensation, were established.The specific practice were carried out by establishing agricultural ecological compensation funds, giving preferential agricultural policy,and increasing the investment in irrigation infrastructure and water conservancy facilities, etc.
作者
张倩
李怀恩
高志玥
成波
贾斌凯
党菲
ZHANG Qian;LI Huai-en;GAO Zhi-yue;CHENG Bo;JIA Bin-kai;DANG Fei(State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulic Engineering in Arid Area, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710048, China;Upstream Hydrology and Water Resources Bureau, Yellow River Conservancy Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China)
出处
《干旱地区农业研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第1期51-57,共7页
Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas
基金
国家自然科学基金(51479162)
关键词
河道生态基流
保障灌区农业
生态补偿机制
渭河干流宝鸡段
river flow protection for basic ecological demand
irrigation district agriculture
ecological compensation mechanism
Baoji section of the Weihe River
