摘要
目的分析某小学的一起水痘疫情流行病学特征,探讨引起暴发的原因,评价防控措施效果,为防控水痘等呼吸道传染病疫情提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学分析方法探讨引起该起疫情的原因,应用SPSS22.0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果本次共对该小学的895名在校学生进行了排查,经现场调查并最终经过医疗机构诊断的病例共有42例。疫情全程持续49 d,病例的发病年龄为5～12岁,出现在1～6年级的14个班。总罹患率为4.69%,男生发病26例,罹患率为5.38%;女生发病16例,罹患率为3.88%。男女罹患率之比为1.39∶1。性别间罹患率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。病例最多的班级是1年级3班,发病14例,罹患率为27.45%。年级罹患率最高的为1年级,共发病19例,罹患率为12.67%。共出现3个发病高峰,第1个高峰在首发病例发生后14 d(5月2日至5月7日),连续6 d共发病7例;第2个高峰开始于首例病例发病后28 d(5月16日至5月25日),连续10 d共发病17例;第3个高峰开始于首例病例后43 d(5月31日至6月5日),连续6 d共发病16例。结论本次疫情为班级间和班级内人际传播,需要以建立学校为主体、社区卫生服务中心巡查指导和疾控中心提供处置措施的传染病预防控制体系,共同应对学校传染病的暴发。及时报告和迅速果断处置疫情以及严格落实防控措施是有效控制疫情的关键。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of a varicella epidemic in a primary school, to explore the causes of the outbreak, and to evaluate the effectiveness of prevention and control measures, so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of the epidemic of respiratory infectious diseases such as varicella.Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to explore the causes of the epidemic, and SPSS22.0 software was used to analyze the data. Results A total of 895 pupils in the primary school were investigated, and 42 cases were finally diagnosed by medical institutions after on-site investigation. The epidemic lasted for 49 days. The age of onset was 5-12 years old, and it appeared in 14 classes of grade 1-6. The total morbidity rate was 4.69%. There were 26 boys(5.38%)and 16 girls(3.88%). The ratio of boy to girl was 1.39 ∶1. There was no significant difference in the morbidity rate between the sexes(P >0.05). The class with the largest number of cases was class 3 of grade 1, with 14 cases of the disease, the morbidity rate being 27.45%. Grade 1 had the highest grade morbidity rate, with 19 cases(12.67%). There were three peaks period of onset;the first peak occurred at 14 days after the onset of the first case(from May 2 to May7), with 7 cases in 6 consecutive days;the second peak began at 28 days after the onset of the first case(from May 16 to May 25), and 17 cases occurred for 10 consecutive days;the third peak began at 43 days after the first case(from May31 to June 5), and 16 cases occurred for 6 consecutive days. Conclusion The epidemic situation is interpersonal transmission between classes and within classes. It is necessary to establish an infectious disease prevention and control system with schools as the main body, inspection guidance of community health service centers and center for disease conrol providing disposal measures, and to cope with the outbreak of infectious diseases in schools in an organic way.Timely reporting, prompt and decisive disposa
作者
刘建民
刘继锋
邢巧娟
LIU Jian-min;LIU Ji-feng;XING Qiao-juan(Lintong District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an 710600;Xi'an Center for Disease Control andPrevention, Xi'an 710054, China)
出处
《临床医学研究与实践》
2019年第3期120-122,150,共4页
Clinical Research and Practice
关键词
水痘
暴发
流行病学
调查
varicella
outbreak
epidemiology
investigation
