摘要
针对三峡水库总磷项目不能稳定达标的问题,以三峡水库干支流总磷浓度为研究对象,以2009—2014年水质监测数据为基础,分析了总磷浓度的时间和空间变化规律和趋势,解析了三峡水库磷污染的主要来源。结果表明:三峡库区总磷水平总体以Ⅱ～Ⅲ类为主,类别在2009—2014年无明显变化趋势,其中2012年磷质量浓度超标频率最高。嘉陵江超标次数占总测次的6.9%;乌江总磷超标最严重,超标频率达到95.8%。从朱沱到太平溪断面沿程总磷浓度有明显下降趋势。2009—2014年内清溪场总磷的最低质量浓度为0.08 mg/L,最高质量浓度为0.24 mg/L(超过湖、库Ⅴ类总磷限值0.2 mg/L)。长江干流段的总磷年均负荷在1.125～2.669 kg/s(平均值为1.658 kg/s);嘉陵江输入总磷年均负荷在0.213～0.425 kg/s(平均值为0.317 kg/s);乌江输入总磷年均负荷在0.290～0.739 kg/s(平均值为0.509 kg/s)。3条上游河流总磷通量之和(年平均值为2.483 kg/s)略大于清溪场断面总磷通量(年平均值为2.145 kg/s),部分总磷负荷沉积在三峡库区。
In view of the problem that the total phosphorus(TP)concentration of Three Gorges Reservoir cannot stably reach the standard,this paper takes the TP concentration of the trunk and tributary of Three Gorges Reservoir as the research object,based on the monitoring data of water quality in 2009-2014,analyzes the temporal and spatial variation of the TP concentration as well as the main sources of phosphorus pollution in the Three Gorges Reservoir.The results reveal that the level of TP in the Three Gorges Reservoir area is mainlyⅡ~Ⅲ,and there is no obvious change between 2009 and 2014.The frequency of exceeding the standard for phosphorus concentration in 2012 is the highest.The times of exceeding the standard in Jialing River accountes for 6.9%of the total number of times measured,and the exceeding frequency in Wujiang River is the most severe,as high as 95.8%.The TP concentration at the cross section from Zhutuo to Taiping River decreases obviously.The lowest concentration of TP at the cross section in Qingxi field between 2009 and 2014 is 0.08 mg/L,and the highest is 0.24 mg/L(over levelⅤof TP limit of 0.2 mg/L in lake or reservoir).The annually average load of TP in the main stream section of the Yangtze River is 1.125~2.669 kg/s(the average value is 1.658 kg/s)in the main stream section of the Yangtze River,0.213~0.425 kg/s(the average value being 0.317 kg/s)in the Jialing River,and 0.290~0.739 kg/s(the average value being 0.509 kg/s in the Wujiang River.The TP flux and annually average value of the three rivers is 2.483 kg/s,slightly larger than the that at the cross section of Qingxi field(the average value being 2.145 kg/s).
作者
周琴
辛小康
尹炜
杨芳
ZHOU Qin;XIN Xiaokang;YIN Wei;YANG Fang(Changjiang Water Resources Protection Institute,Wuhan 430051,China)
出处
《三峡生态环境监测》
2019年第1期16-21,共6页
Ecology and Environmental Monitoring of Three Gorges
基金
中国长江三峡集团公司重点科研项目(SXSN/4092)
关键词
三峡水库
总磷
趋势分析
通量法
Three Gorges reservoir
total phosphorus
trend analysis
flux method
