摘要
生物炭因具有特殊的理化性质,在碳封存、土壤改良和污染控制领域的应用已成为全球性的热点问题。然而,不同来源、不同温度下形成的生物炭理化性质存在较大差异,且生物炭在进入土壤环境后,在生物和非生物的作用下,其数量和性质也会发生变化,这都将影响生物炭在环境系统中的迁移、转化和生物地球化学循环过程。显而易见,通过生物炭的初始状态预测其长期环境效应并不可行,但大部分的研究中都将生物炭视为一个静态组分,这不利于对生物炭施用安全和环境效应的客观评估。为系统理解生物炭施用后的环境功效,客观上需要监控并动态描述其性质变化。遗憾的是,目前没有很好的方法将生物炭从土壤中分离出来,从而测定其含量和性质。如何在复杂混合体系中描述生物炭的性质,成为动态理解生物炭环境功效的主要技术难题。BPCA分子标志物法常用于描述土壤中炭黑或高缩合度有机质的含量并推演其燃烧历史,由于生物炭具有与其相似的高度芳香化结构单元,BPCA分子标志物法也适用于描述土壤体系中生物炭性质。研究发现,BPCA分子标志物单体可以用于分析复杂体系中生物炭的相对含量,其单体比值(如B5CA/B6CA和B6CA/B4CA)不仅可用于描述生物炭及其老化后的性质(尤其是芳香缩合度)并辨析其来源,还能描述生物炭老化前后对有机污染物的吸附特性。而且BPCA分子标志物法可以促进研究者们对生物炭与土壤无机矿物之间相互作用机制的理解。此外,同位素技术还可作为BPCA分子标志物技术的一个重要补充,其中,针对BPCA单体的稳定同位素技术(如13C)能更准确地描述生物炭的迁移和转化。本文归纳了BPCA分子标志物法在生物炭领域的研究进展,以及该法对复杂土壤体系中生物炭的定量、定性描述,分析了BPCA分子标志物法的优缺点并展望了其前景。BPCA分子
Biochar has become a global hot spot because of its special physicochemical properties and promising application potentials in carbon sequestration,soil remediation and pollution control.However,the physicochemical properties of biochar vary greatly due to its diverse feedstocks and temperatures.In addition,after being applied in soil,the quantities and characteristics of biochar change continuously under the biological and abiotic action,which will affect the migration,transformation and biogeochemical cycle of biochars in environmental systems.Obviously,predicting its long-term environmental effects through the initial state of biochar is not feasible,while most of the researches treated biochar as static component,which is not conducive to the objective evaluation of the safety and environmental effects of biochar.In order to systematically understand the environmental effects of biochar application,it is necessary to dynamically describe and monitor changes in its properties.Unfortunately,there is no approved method available to separate biochar from the soil for determining its content and properties currently.How to describe the properties of biochar in a complex hybrid system has become a major technical obstacle for dynamic understanding the affect of biochar environment.The benzene polycarboxylic acid(BPCA)molecular biomarker method is generally used to describe the content of carbon black or high condensed organic matter in soil and deduce its combustion history.Since biochar has similar highly aromatic structural units with carbon black,the method is suitable for describing the properties of biochar in soil systems as well.It was demonstrated that the BPCA method can be used to quantitatively or qualitatively analyze the relative content of biochar in complex systems.The monomer ratios(such as B5CA/B6CA and B6CA/B4CA)can not only describe the properties of biochar,its before/post-aging(especially the degree of aromatic condensation)and deduce its sources,but also indicate the adsorption properties of b
作者
吴敏
吴丹萍
常兆峰
许燕
潘波
WU Min;WU Danping;CHANG Zhaofeng;XU Yan;PAN Bo(Faculty of Environmental Science&Engineering,Kunming University of Science&Technology,Kunming 650500;Yunnan Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Kunming 650022)
出处
《材料导报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第3期536-540,共5页
Materials Reports
基金
国家自然科学基金(41663013
U1602231)~~
