摘要
水土保持是保障北京市未来向国际化大都市发展的基石,以小流域作为最小分区单元实现其功能定位,提出具有针对性的治理及管理措施,对建立小流域精细化管理模式具有重大意义。以北京市1 085个小流域为研究对象,以水源安全、防洪安全、生态安全"三个安全"为目标导向,利用GIS技术,采用主成分分析和聚类分析的方法,构建"三个安全"的评价指标,划分了北京市水土保持"三个安全"分区,提出不同分区小流域的功能定位。结果表明:北京市水土保持小流域的水源安全分区中的主要问题是水质污染,面积为16%,水源危险占1. 9%;防洪安全分区的主要问题是山洪易发,占24%;生态安全分区的主要问题是生态危险,占17. 2%。认为:以"三个安全"综合得分来分区,其中平原区的主要问题是水质污染和生态危险,山区存在山区水质污染-水土流失风险(占2. 2%)、水质污染-山洪易发(占1%)、水源危险-山洪易发(占0. 9%)的双重风险区域,是需要关注和治理的重点区域。
[ Background ] With the increasing of human activities in recent years, water security, non-point source pollution, the increase of soil erosion area has begun restricting the production activities of Beijing and people’s daily life. Soil and water loss has seriously affected the capital s economic and social development and the improvement of people s production and living standards. Therefore, soil and water conservation has played an important role in the prevention and control of soil erosion, and improved the ecological environment of Beijing area. Soil and water conservation is the cornerstone of ensuring the development of the city of Beijing to the international metropolis, taking small watershed as the basic unit, it is necessary to realize the function orientation of different small watershed in the process of specific management, so it is very important to carry out the targeted management.[ Methods ] Total 1 085 small watersheds were taken as the research objects, taking “Three Safeties”(water source safety, flood control safety, and ecological safety) as the goal oriented, using the GIS technology and the method of principal component analysis and cluster analysis, the evaluation indexes of “water source safety”,“flood control safety” and “ecological safety” were constructed respectively, the zones of soil and water conservation for “Three Safeties” in Beijing were divided, and the functional orientation of small watershed in different regions was put forward.[ Results ] The main problem of water source safety in Beijing small watershed was the pollution to water source, the area was 16%, and the water source in danger was 1.9%. The main problem in flood control safety zone was that mountain torrents occur easily, accounting for 25%. The main problem in ecological security zone was ecological hazard, accounting for 17.2%. From the comprehensive scoring of the “Three Safeties”, the main problem in the plain area was water pollution and ecological risk, the double risks such a
作者
齐实
刘卉
毕超
李月
陈芳孝
李世荣
陆大明
QI Shi;LIU Hui;BI Chao;LI Yue;CHEN Fangxiao;LI Shirong;LU Daming(Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China;Beijing Linfengyuan Ecological Environment Planning and Designing Institute Co. Ltd., 100083, Beijing, China;Beijing General Working Station of Soil and Water Conservation, 100036, Beijing, China)
出处
《中国水土保持科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第6期79-88,共10页
Science of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
北京市京津风沙源二期工程林业工程监测项目
北京市水土保持规划项目.
关键词
小流域
水土保持
水源安全
防洪安全
生态安全
北京市
small watershed
soil and water conservation
water source safety
flood control safety
ecological safety
Beijing
