摘要
首先讨论了大数据的概念、特征、应用价值、本质及基于本质的应用的局限性,即对社会现实没有反思性和批判性,甚至反向加强社会现实,包括统计学的和因果的反向加强。之后,概述了什么是自由;获得自由的两个条件,即手段与目的的自由;限制自由的两个方面,即内在与外在他性之力。其后,讨论了大数据的应用对人类自由的限制,包括它可成为外在他性之力,即操纵人的生存境遇、数据垄断和对生存安全的胁迫;它可成为内在他性之力,即广告的精准投放挟持了人的目的;大数据侵犯隐私权对自由的限制,即既作为内在又作为外在他性之力阻碍人的"个体化"。最后,讨论了大数据的应用对自由的提升,包括大数据促进普遍交往有助于人的自由与全面发展,大数据有助于实现"自由人的联合体"和资源的合理兼公平配置。
Firstly,this paper discussed the concept,characteristics,application value,essence of big data.Then the limitations of big data application based on its essence were explored,that was to say,there was no reflection and criticism on social reality,but reverse reinforcement on social reality,including statistical and causal reinforcement. After that,it outlined the meaning of freedom; the two conditions for freedom,including the means and purpose of freedom; and the two aspects of restricting freedom,including the internal and external power from otherness. Subsequently,the application limitations of big data on human freedom were discussed,including that it can become an external power from otherness,namely,manipulating human survival situation,data monopoly and coercion of survival safety. The big data can also become an internal power from otherness,namely,the precise delivery of advertisements hijacked the purpose of human beings. Big data violated the restriction of privacy to freedom,it hindered the "individualization"of human beings as both internal and external power from otherness. Finally,the application of big data to the promotion of freedom was discussed,including the promotion of universal communication by big data was conducive to the free and comprehensive development of human beings. Big data may lead to realize the "union of free human beings"and the rational and fair allocation of resources.
作者
蔡昱
CAI Yu(School of Business, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics,Kunming 650221, China)
出处
《中国医学伦理学》
2019年第1期3-9,共7页
Chinese Medical Ethics
关键词
大数据
实在的自由
外在他性之力
内在他性之力
个体化
生存性胁迫
反向加强
Big Data
Real Freedom
External Power from Otherness
Internal Power from Otherness
Individualization
Survival Stress
Reverse Reinforcement
