摘要
Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系超高强度铝合金具有低密度、高比强度、高韧性和良好的抗腐蚀性能的特点,广泛应用于航空航天、交通运输和兵器领域。本文主要介绍近年来国内外Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系超高强度铝合金的最新研究进展。超高强度铝合金基体上分布着纳米级的晶内时效析出相、亚微米级的高温析出相、微米级的结晶析出相和晶界析出相,这些相的形态、数量、尺寸和分布对合金的综合力学性能和抗腐蚀性能有直接的影响;主元素成分含量对超高强度铝合金综合力学性能有影响,合金的综合力学性能随Zn/Mg和Cu/Mg比值的变化而变化;微量元素能够提高超高强度铝合金的综合力学性能。微量元素对铝合金的影响主要体现在提高沉淀相的过饱和度,改变沉淀析出过程,促进或抑制沉淀相的析出和促进新相的沉淀析出。新制备技术能够显著细化晶粒、抑制偏析、析出相均匀分布和提高各种元素的过饱和度,从而改善超高强度铝合金的综合力学性能。强化固溶处理能够提高时效析出程度,从而提高铝合金的力学性能。三级时效处理后的超高强度铝合金具有峰值时效T6态的强度和优异的抗腐蚀性能。
Al-Zn-Mg-Cu ultra-high strength aluminum alloy possesses low density,high specific strength,high toughness and good corrosion resistance,it is widely used in aviation,aerospace,transportation and weapons.The latest research progress of AlZn-Mg-Cu ultra-high strength aluminum alloy was mainly introduced in this paper at home and abroad in recent years.Nano-scale intragranular precipitates,submicron-scale dispersoids,micron-scale dispersoid and grain boundary precipitates are distributed on ultrahigh strength aluminum alloy substrates,and the morphology,quantity,size and distribution of these phases have a direct effect on the comprehensive mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the alloys.The content of main elements has an effect on the comprehensive mechanical properties which vary with the ratio of Zn/Mg and Cu/Mg.The comprehensive mechanical properties of super-high-strength aluminum alloy is improved by adding trace elements.The effect of trace elements on aluminum alloy is mainly reflected in increasing the supersaturation of precipitation phase,changing precipitation process,promoting or inhibiting precipitation of precipitation phase and promoting precipitation of new phase.The new preparation technology can significantly refine the grain size,restrain segregation,uniformly distribute precipitates and increase the supersaturation of various elements,thus improving the comprehensive mechanical properties.The precipitation degree of aging is increased by the enhanced solution treatment,so the mechanical properties of aluminum alloy is improved.The ultra-high strength aluminum alloy after three stage aging treatment has the strength of peak aging state T6 and excellent corrosion resistance.
作者
燕云程
黄蓓
李维俊
卿培林
何兵
YAN Yuncheng;HUANG Bei;LI Weijun;QING Peilin;HE Bing(School of Materials Science and Engineering, Baise University, Baise 533000)
出处
《材料导报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第A02期358-364,共7页
Materials Reports
关键词
超高强度铝合金
微观组织
力学性能
腐蚀性能
热处理
ultra-high strength aluminum alloy
microstructure
mechanical property
corrosion resistance
heat treatment
