摘要
明清以降,中国西北地区的水力加工业发展至极盛,水磨是其最主要的技术形态,规模一度达到数以千乃至万计,技术体系完备。水力磨坊的经营群体构成复杂,既涉经国大事,亦是重要地方生业,除了加工粮食外,还可用来榨油、制香、造纸、酿酒等,对于满足地方生计和繁荣区域市场发挥了重要作用。水力磨坊是西北官方课税的重要对象,而磨课既指磨坊经营者提供加工服务时收取的加工费用,也指经营者向官方交纳的税额。
Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the hydraulic processing industry in the northwest of China had developed to its extreme prosperity, and the technical system was complete, the watermill was its most important technical form.The operation groups of the hydraulic processing industry were complex, which involved both the state affairs and the important local industries. In addition to the processing of grain, the watermills could also be used to press oil, make incense, make paper, and make wine and so on, which had played a certain role in meeting local livelihoods and prospering the regional market.The hydraulic processing industry was an important object of the official tax in Northwest China. The watermill tax had two meanings, on the one hand, it refered to the processing fees charged by the Miller, and on the other hand the tax paid to the official by the Miller.
出处
《中国经济史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第1期25-38,共14页
Researches in Chinese Economic History
基金
国家社科基金重大项目"多卷本<中国生态环境史>"(批准号:13&ZD080)阶段性成果之一
关键词
明清以降
西北地区
水力磨坊
Ming and Qing Dynasties
Northwest China
Watermills
