摘要
在精准扶贫进入攻坚决战和实现2020年全国脱贫工作预期目标的过程中,已经脱贫的人口再度返贫将会对社会发展产生严重的不利影响。目前,全国返贫率平均约为15%,个别深度贫困区域甚至达到50%以上。我国目前的脱贫再返贫现象,大类上有因灾返贫、因病返贫、因事返贫、因学返贫、因老返贫、因赌(毒)返贫等情况。目前出现脱贫再返贫现象的原因主要有:一是对限时脱贫的认识存在偏颇;二是基于"输血式扶贫"的脱贫生态脆弱;三是产业扶贫存在严重短板;四是扶贫和被扶贫主体的内生动力相对不足;五是有效减缓和阻断脱贫再返贫的应急统筹基金缺位。建立脱贫再返贫的防范机制并充分发挥其作用,必须着力采取以下政策措施:第一,坚持精准识别和精准退出,尽力消除脱贫再返贫的隐患;第二,建立脱贫成效巩固专项资金,快速遏制脱贫再返贫的苗头;第三,提升产业扶贫的质量,增强消除脱贫再返贫的造血功能;第四,调动和激发不同主体的积极性,增强防范脱贫再返贫的内生动力;第五,各个部门齐抓共管,联合打造预防脱贫再返贫的"保险杠"。
As precise poverty alleviation enters storming fortifications,in the process of realizing the goal of national poverty alleviation by 2020,the issue of poverty return of the people who have already overcome poverty will have serious adverse effects.At present,the national average rate of poverty return is about 15%.This rate reaches even more than 50% in some deeply poverty-stricken areas.The present phenomena of poverty return after poverty overcome in China can be classified into poverty return due to disasters,illness,affairs,learning,aging,gambling/drugs,and so on.Currently,the main reasons for the phenomenon of poverty return after poverty overcome include five aspects:(1)the biased understanding of time-limited poverty alleviation;(2)the fragile ecology of poverty reduction based on " blood transfusion poverty alleviation";(3)the serious shortcomings of industrial poverty alleviation;(4)the relatively insufficient endogenous motive force of poverty alleviation and poverty alleviation subjects;(5)the absence of emergency co-ordination fund for effectively retarding and blocking poverty return after poverty overcome.In order to establish a preventive mechanism and give full play to its role,we must focus on the following policy measures:first,adhere to accurate identification and exit,and try our best to eliminate the hidden dangers of poverty return after poverty overcome;second,establish special funds to consolidate the effectiveness of poverty overcome,and quickly relieve the sign of poverty return after poverty overcome;third,improve the quality of industrial poverty alleviation,and enhance the hematopoiesis of eliminating poverty return after poverty overcome;fourth,mobilize and stimulate the initiative of different subjects to enhance the endogenous drive to prevent poverty return after poverty overcome;fifth,different departments should work together to create a "bumper" to prevent poverty return after poverty overcome.
作者
卜海
BU Hai(Business School,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China)
出处
《江苏师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
2018年第6期1-9,共9页
Journal of Jiangsu Normal University：Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition
基金
江苏省决策咨询基地项目"构建和发挥巩固精准扶贫成果长效机制作用的问题研究"(项目编号:18SSL007)
江苏省工商联重点委托研究项目"巩固精准扶贫成果长效机制中的民营经济作用研究"(项目编号:SGSL2018ZD002)阶段性成果
关键词
脱贫攻坚
精准扶贫
产业帮扶
脱贫再返贫
防范机制
poverty alleviation storming fortifications
precise poverty alleviation
industry support
poverty return after poverty overcome
preventive mechanism
