摘要
人工智能(AI)旨在模拟人脑中信息存储和处理机制等智能行为,使机器具有一定程度的智能水平。随着互联网、大数据、云计算和深度学习等新一代信息技术的飞速发展,目前AI领域的研究和应用已经取得重要进展。本文将深入分析与AI密切相关的计算机科学、控制科学、类脑智能、人脑智能等学科或领域之间的交融与历史演进;指出神经科学、脑科学与认知科学中有关脑的结构与功能机制的研究成果,为构建智能计算模型提供了重要的启发,并从逻辑模型及系统、神经元及网络模型、视觉神经分层机制等方面,分别阐述智能的驱动与发展;最后从互联网的计算理论、AI的演算和计算的融合、类脑智能的模型和机理、AI对神经科学的推动作用、反馈计算的算法设计与控制系统的能级五个方面,对AI的发展趋势进行了展望。
Artificial Intelligence(AI)aims to simulate information storage and processing mechanisms and other intelligent behaviors of a human brain,so that the machine has a certain level of intelligence.With the rapid development of the new generation of information technology,such as the Internet,big data,cloud computing,and deep learning,researches and applications of AI have made and are making important progresses.In this paper,the historical integration and evolution of computer science,control science,brain-inspired intelligence,human brain intelligence,and other disciplines or fields closely related to AI are analyzed in depth;then it is pointed out that the research results on the structure and functional mechanism of brain from neuroscience,brain science and cognitive science provide some important inspirations for the construction of an intelligent computing model.Moreover,the drives and developments of AI are discussed from the aspects of logic model and system,neuron network model,visual nerve hierarchy mechanism,etc.Finally,the development trend of AI is prospected from the following five aspects:the computational theory of the Internet,the integration of AI calculus and computation,the model and mechanism of brain-inspired intelligence,the impetus of AI to neuroscience,and the algorithm design of feedback computation and the energy level of the control system.
作者
蒋昌俊
王俊丽
Jiang Changjun;Wang Junli(Key Laboratory of Embedded System and Service Computing, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China)
出处
《中国工程科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第6期93-100,共8页
Strategic Study of CAE
基金
中国工程院咨询项目"工程科技颠覆性技术战略研究"(2017-ZD-10)
国家自然科学基金重大研究计划集成项目(91218301)
关键词
人工智能
人脑智能
类脑智能
智能发展
学科演进
artificial intelligence
human brain intelligence
brain-inspired intelligence
intelligence development
discipline evolution
