摘要
古典时代以来,有关雅典民主政治的起源学术界有几种看法。早先有学者指出,在希腊人那里已经出现了梭伦改革说、克里斯提尼改革说和提修斯说等不同观点。格罗特首次系统论述了克里斯提尼改革奠定雅典民主政治基础的理论。希格内特和拉夫劳勃强调,埃菲亚尔泰斯改革才是雅典民主政治真正的起点,并把民主政治作为独特的雅典现象。最近的研究提出了更多不同看法。莫里斯和华莱士分别从考古和文献史料出发,呼吁重视城邦制度中固有的民主因素;奥伯从人民革命的重要性出发,强调雅典人民的政治觉醒对创立民主政治的决定性作用;拉夫劳勃重申了民主乃海军和帝国政策产物的看法;埃德甚至认为,公元前403年之后,雅典民主政治才走向稳定和成熟。纷繁的观点之中,透露的是学者个人的政治观念与时代变迁,但也体现了史料基础的扩大与社会科学理论和方法的重要影响。在现代与古代的对话中,学界对雅典民主政治的理解在不断深入。
This paper traces the western scholarship about the origin of Athenian democracy.Firstly,we point out that there have been different views about the origin of Athenian democracy among the Greeks,including the Solonian Reform,the Reforms of Cleisthenes or the legendary king Theseus respectively.George Grote was the first to put forward the view that Cleisthenes laid the foundation of Athenian democracy,which won wide acceptance among the scholars.Charles Hignett and Kurt A.Raaflaub argued that the reforms of Ephialtes was the real origin of Athenian democracy,which was unique to Athens.Recent scholarship presents more views on this issue.Robert W.Wallace try again to return to Aristotle who deemed Solon as the founder of Athenian democracy;Josiah Ober emphasizes the importance of the popular revolution at the end of the 6th century BC;Raaflaub insists on the connection between the Athenian navy and their democracy;Walter Eder even claims that Athenian democracy came to stability only after 403 BC.The variety of the beginnings of Athenian democracy is more related to the ideology of the historians and circumstances under which the scholars work since democracy was always redefined in order to meet the change of the time.Further,the scholarship about the beginning of Athenian democracy also shows that the basis of historical evidence is in constant expansion and the theory and methods of social sciences plays more and more important roles in the past decades.In the continued dialogues between the ancient and modern,scholars have deepened their understanding of Athenian democracy.
作者
晏绍祥
Yan Shaoxiang(Capital Normal University)
出处
《武汉大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第1期72-84,共13页
Wuhan University Journal：Philosophy & Social Science
